Editors & Editorial Board
Pictorial Editorial Board Directory
Editor-in-Chief
José G. Merino, MD, MPhil, FAAN, Washington, DC
Tel. 612-928-6400; Fax 612-454-2748
journal@neurology.org
Disclosures
Deputy Editor, Neurology
Olga Ciccarelli, MD, PhD, FRCP
London, United Kingdom
Disclosures
Deputy Editor for Editorial Education and
Associate Editor, Neurology
Bradford B. Worrall, MD, MSc, FAAN, Charlottesville, VA
Disclosures
Associate Editors, Neurology
Anthony A. Amato, MD, FAAN, Boston, MA
Disclosures
Rebecca Burch, MD, Boston, MA
Disclosures
Peter Hedera, MD, PhD, Louisville, KY
Disclosures
Linda A. Hershey, MD, PhD, FAAN, Oklahoma City, OK
Disclosures
Barbara C. Jobst, MD, PhD, FAAN, Lebanon, NH
Disclosures
Renée A. Shellhaas, MD, MS, Ann Arbor, MI
Disclosures
Assistant Editors, Neurology
Elizabeth Silbermann, MD, Portland, OR
Disclosures
Rawan Tarawneh, MD, Columbus, OH
Disclosures
Associate Editor, Neurology
Editor, Neurology® Clinical Practice
John R. Corboy, MD, FAAN
Disclosures
Associate Editor, Neurology
Editor, Neurology® Genetics
Stefan M. Pulst, MD, FAAN
Disclosures
Associate Editor, Neurology
Editor, Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
Josep O. Dalmau, MD, PhD, FAAN
Disclosures
Associate Editor, Biostatistics
Richard J. Kryscio, PhD
Associate Editor, Classification of Evidence Evaluations
Gary S. Gronseth, MD, FAAN
Associate Editors, Equity, Diversity & Inclusion
Roy H. Hamilton, MD, MS, FAAN
Holly E. Hinson, MD, MCR, FAAN
Editorial Office
Patricia K. Baskin, MS, Executive Editor
Rachel A. Anderson, Administrative Assistant
Adria Gottesman-Davis, PhD, Journal Editorial Manager
Kathleen M. Pieper, Senior Managing Editor, Neurology
Karen Skaja, Senior Editorial Coordinator
Skyler M. Kane, Editorial Coordinator
Margaret A. Rei, Editorial Coordinator
Lee Ann Kleffman, Managing Editor, Neurology: Clinical Practice
Morgan S. Sorenson, Managing Editor
Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
Neurology: Genetics
Andrea Rahkola, ELS, Production Editor
Kristen Swendsrud, Production Coordinator
Aubrey Zalewski, Production Coordinator
Sharon L. Quimby, Digital Managing Editor
Kaitlyn Aman Ramm, Digital Multimedia/Graphics Coordinator
Haley McNiff, Digital Multimedia/Podcast Coordinator
Section Editors
Basic Science in the Clinic
Eduardo E. Benarroch, MD, FAAN
Biostatistics
Sue Leurgans, PhD
V. Shane Pankratz, PhD
Continuing Medical Education
Adam G. Kelly, MD, FAAN
James W.M. Owens, Jr., MD, PhD
Disputes & Debates
Steven Galetta, MD, FAAN
Aravind Ganesh, MD, DPhil, FRCPC, Deputy Editor
Ariane Lewis, MD, Deputy Editor
James E. Siegler III, MD, Deputy Editor
Equity, Diversity & Inclusion
Jeffrey C. McClean II, MD, FAAN
Nicte I. Mejia, MD, MPH, FAAN
Nicole Rosendale, MD
Humanities in Neurology
Ludwig Gutmann, MD, FAAN, Senior Consulting Editor
Lealani Mae Y. Acosta, MD, MPH
Heidi George Moawad, MD
Innovations in Care Delivery
Brian C. Callaghan, MD
Kevin A. Kerber, MD
Patient Page
Steven Karceski, MD
David C. Spencer, MD
Podcasts
Stacey L. Clardy, MD, PhD, FAAN
Jeffrey B. Ratliff, MD, Deputy Editor
Resident & Fellow Section
Roy E. Strowd III, MD, FAAN
Whitley W. Aamodt, MD, MPH, Deputy Editor
Supplements
Jonathan P. Hosey, MD, FAAN
Without Borders
Gretchen L. Birbeck, MD, MPH, DTMH, FAAN
Ombudsman
Jonathan W. Mink, MD, PhD, FAAN
Scientific Integrity Advisor
David S. Knopman, MD, FAAN
Past Editors-in-Chief
Russell N. DeJong, MD (1951-1977)
Lewis P. Rowland, MD, FAAN (1977-1987)
Robert B. Daroff, MD, FAAN (1987-1997)
Robert C. Griggs, MD, FAAN (1997-2007)
John H. Noseworthy, MD, FAAN (2007-2009)
Robert A. Gross, MD, PhD, FAAN (2009–2020)
Academy Officers
James C. Stevens, MD, FAAN, President
Orly Avitzur, MD, MBA, FAAN, President Elect
Ann H. Tilton, MD, FAAN, Vice President
Carlayne E. Jackson, MD, FAAN, Secretary
Janis M. Miyasaki, MD, MEd, FRCPC, FAAN, Treasurer
Ralph L. Sacco, MD, MS, FAAN, Past President
CEO, American Academy of Neurology
Mary E. Post, MBA, CAE
20l Chicago Avenue
Minneapolis, MN 55415
Tel: 612-928-6100
Publisher
Wolters Kluwer
Baltimore, MD
Publishing Staff
Sarah Carrera, MBA, Executive Publisher
Jessica Heise, Production Team Leader, Neurology Journals
Emily Moore, Production Editor
Stacy Drossner, Production Associate
Steve Rose, Editorial Assistant
International Editions
Argentinian – Ricardo Reisin, MD
Japanese – Nobutaka Hattori, MD, PhD
Editorial Board
Federica Agosta, MD, PhD, Milan, Italy
Roger L. Albin, MD, Ann Arbor, MI
Megan C. Alcauskas, MD, Portland, OR
Carmel Armon, MD, MSc, MHS, FAAN, Tel Aviv, Israel
Oliver Bandmann, MD, PhD, FAAN, Sheffield, UK
Brenda Banwell, MD, FRCPC, Philadelphia, PA
Frederik Barkhof, MD, PhD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
David A. Bennett, MD, Chicago, IL
Anne T. Berg, PhD, Chicago, IL
Andrea Bernasconi, MD, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Gérard N. Bischof, PhD, MSc, DiplPsych, Cologne, Germany
Dennis Bourdette, MD, FAAN, Portland, OR
Amy Brodtmann, MD, PhD, FRACP, Melbourne, Australia
Devin L. Brown, MD, Ann Arbor, MI
John C. M. Brust, MD, FAAN, New York, NY
Rachel F. Buckley, PhD, Boston, MA
Joseph D. Burns, MD, Burlington, MA
Bruce C. V. Campbell, PhD, Melbourne, Australia
Fernando Cendes, MD, PhD, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Colin H. Chalk, MDCM, FRCPC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Declan T. Chard, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, London, UK
Seemant Chaturvedi, MD, FAAN, Miami, FL
Robert Chen, MBBChir, MSc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Catherine (Cat) D. Chong, PhD, Phoenix, AZ
Kelvin L. Chou, MD, FAAN, Ann Arbor, MI
Daniel O. Claassen, MD, MS, FAAN, Nashville, TN
Kristl G. Claeys, MD, PhD, Leuven, Belgium
Fiona Costello, MD, FRCPC, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Amy Z. Crepeau, MD, Phoenix, AZ
Claire J. Creutzfeldt, MD, Seattle, WA
Mamede de Carvalho, MD, PhD, Lisbon, Portugal
Feza Deymeer, MD, MS Epid, Istanbul, Turkey
Marianne Dieterich, MD, Munich, Germany
Arman Eshaghi, MD, PhD, London, UK
Robert J. Fox, MD, FAAN, Cleveland, OH
Ansgar J. Furst, MSc, PhD, Stanford, CA
Steven Galetta, MD, FAAN, New York, NY
Rocío Carolina García-Santibáñez, MD, Atlanta, GA
M. Maria Glymour, ScD, San Francisco, CA
Peter J. Goadsby, MD, DSc, San Francisco, CA
Alica M. Goldman, MD, PhD, MSc, Houston, TX
Larry B. Goldstein, MD, FAAN, Lexington, KY
Nicole R. Gonzales, MD Houston, TX
Rebecca F. Gottesman, MD, PhD, Baltimore, MD
Jonathan Graff-Radford, MD, Rochester, MN
Jennifer Graves, MD, PhD, MAS, San Diego, CA
Wolfgang Grisold, MD, FAAN, Vienna, Austria
Renzo Guerrini, MD, Florence, Italy
Amanda C. Guidon, MD, Boston, MA
Yael Hacohen MBBS, DPhil, London, UK
Noam Y. Harel, MD, PhD, New York, NY
Judith U. Harrer, MD, Saarbrücken, Germany
Adam L. Hartman, MD, FAAN, Bethesda, MD
Geoffrey L. Heyer, MD, Columbus, OH
Birgit Högl, MD, Innsbruck, Austria
Rachael M. Hunter, MSc, London, UK
Rebecca N. Ichord, MD, Philadelphia, PA
Assia Jaillard, MD, PhD, Grenoble, France
Glen C. Jickling, MD, MAS, FRCPC, Sacramento, CA
Lori C. Jordan, PhD, MD, Nashville, TN
Larry Junck, MD, Ann Arbor, MI
Lalit Kalra, FRCP, PhD, London, UK
Peter B. Kang, MD, FAAN, Gainesville, FL
Moira K. Kapral, MD, MSC, FRCPC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Mira Katan, MD, MS, Zurich, Switzerland
Joep Killestein, MD, PhD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Christopher J. Klein, MD, Rochester, MN
David S. Knopman, MD, FAAN, Rochester, MN
Miikka Korja, MD, PhD, Helsinki, Finland
Kathrin LaFaver, MD, FAAN, Chicago, IL
Susan M. Landau, PhD, Berkeley, CA
Victoria M. Leavitt, PhD, FAAN, New York, NY
Mark S. LeDoux, MD, PhD, FAAN, Memphis, TN
Thabele (Bay) Leslie-Mazwi, MD, Boston, MA
Michelle P. Lin, MD, MPH, Jacksonville, FL
Richard B. Lipton, MD, FAAN, New York, NY
Alberto Lleó, MD, PhD, Barcelona, Spain
Warren D. Lo, MD, FAAN, Columbus, OH
Svetlana Lorenzano, MD, PhD, MSc, Rome, Italy
Dorothée E. Lulé, Dr. rer. nat., PhD, Ulm, Germany
Kenneth J. Mack, MD, PhD, FAAN, Rochester, MN
Tracy E. Madsen, MD, ScM, Providence, RI
Jennifer J. Majersik, MD, MS, Salt Lake City, UT
Andrew L. Mammen, MD, PhD, Bethesda, MD
Randolph S. Marshall, MD, MS, FAAN, New York, NY
Kimford J. Meador, MD, FAAN, Stanford, CA
Michelle M. Mielke, PhD, Rochester, MN
John W. Miller, MD, PhD, FAAN, Seattle, WA
Elizabeth C. Mormino, PhD, Stanford, CA
Elena Moro, MD, PhD, FAAN, Grenoble, France
Nils Muhlert, PhD, Manchester, UK
Jennifer M. Nicholas, PhD, London, UK
Maryam Oskoui, MD, FRCPC, FAAN, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Leonardo Pantoni, MD, PhD, Milan, Italy
Melissa Shuman Paretsky, PhD, New York, NY
Lucilla Parnetti, MD, PhD, Perugia, Italy
Phillip L. Pearl, MD, FAAN, Boston, MA
Toni S. Pearson, MD, St. Louis, MO
Sarah T. Pendlebury, FRCP, DPhil, Oxford, UK
Joel S. Perlmutter, MD, FAAN, St. Louis, MO
Peggy J. Planetta, PhD, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Anna Ranta, MD, PhD, FRACP, Wellington, New Zealand
Kathryn M. Rexrode, MD, MPH, Boston, MA
Maria A. Rocca, MD, Milan, Italy
Àlex Rovira, MD, Barcelona, Spain
Maria Sabater-Lleal, PhD, Barcelona, Spain
Amber Salter, PhD, St Louis, MO
Rodolfo Savica, MD, PhD, Rochester, MN
Ingrid Scheffer, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, Melbourne, Australia
David Schiff, MD, FAAN, Charlottesville, VA
Michal Schnaider Beeri, PhD, New York, NY
Julie A. Schneider, MD, MS, Chicago, IL
Kevin N. Sheth, MD, FAAN, New Haven, CT
Hitoshi Shinotoh, MD, FAAN, Chiba, Japan
Beth E. Snitz, PhD, Pittsburgh, PA
Maria Pia Sormani, PhD, Genoa, Italy
Jaime L. Speiser, PhD, MS, Winston-Salem, NC
Luciano A. Sposato, MD, MBA, London, Ontario. Canada
Michael Strupp, MD, FRCP Munich, Germany
Liu Lin Thio, MD, PhD, St. Louis, MO
Majda M. Thurnher, MD, Vienna, Austria
Jack W. Tsao, MD, DPhil, FAAN, Memphis, TN
Carmen Tur, MD, PhD, Barcelona, Spain
Kenneth L. Tyler, MD, FAAN, Aurora, CO
Angela Vincent, MBBS, FRCPath, FRS, Oxford, UK
Francois J.G. Vingerhoets, MD, Lausanne, Switzerland
Katja E. Wartenberg, MD, PhD, Leipzig, Germany
Nicole I. Wolf, MD, PhD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Courtney J. Wusthoff, MD, MS, Palo Alto, CA
E. Ann Yeh, MD, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Classification of Evidence Review Team
Melissa J. Armstrong, MD, Gainesville, FL
Richard L. Barbano, MD, PhD, FAAN, Rochester, NY
Richard M. Dubinsky, MD, MPH, FAAN, Kansas City, KS
Jeffrey J. Fletcher, MD, MSc, Ann Arbor, MI
Gary M. Franklin, MD, MPH, FAAN, Seattle, WA
David S. Gloss II, MD, MPH&TM, Charleston, WV
John J. Halperin, MD, FAAN, Summit, NJ
Jason Lazarou, MSc, MD, FRCPC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Steven R. Messé, MD, FAAN, Philadelphia, PA
Pushpa Narayanaswami, MBBS, DM, FAAN, Boston, MA
Alex Rae-Grant, MD, FRCP(C), FAAN, Cleveland, OH