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White matter damage is a common finding on conventional magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a more recent model derived from DWI, allows for the calculation of several diffusion metrics that reflect the strength and direction of water diffusion in the brain. These diffusion metrics can yield important information about the health and integrity of fiber tracts. For example, fractional anisotropy (FA) measures water dispersion along the main axis of fiber tracts with higher FA indicating higher fiber density or myelination, whereas radial diffusivity (RD) measures diffusivity perpendicular to axonal fibers, with higher RD indicating lower tract myelination or potential tract damage. More recently, a growing number of DTI studies have reported changes in diffusion metrics in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) including altered FA and RD.
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Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the editorial.
See page 398
- Received May 16, 2023.
- Accepted in final form June 28, 2023.
- Written work prepared by employees of the Federal Government as part of their official duties is, under the U.S. Copyright Act, a “work of the United States Government” for which copyright protection under Title 17 of the United States Code is not available. As such, copyright does not extend to the contributions of employees of the Federal Government.
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