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January 01, 1996; 46 (1) View and Review

Muscles of a different 'color'

The unusual properties of the extraocular muscles may predispose or protect them in neurogenic and myogenic disease

John D. Porter, Robert S. Baker
First published January 1, 1996, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.46.1.30
John D. Porter
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Robert S. Baker
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Muscles of a different 'color'
The unusual properties of the extraocular muscles may predispose or protect them in neurogenic and myogenic disease
John D. Porter, Robert S. Baker
Neurology Jan 1996, 46 (1) 30-37; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.46.1.30

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Article Information

vol. 46 no. 1 30-37
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.46.1.30
PubMed: 
8559415

Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • First Published January 1, 1996.

Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright 1996 by Advanstar Communications Inc.

Author Disclosures

    1. John D. Porter, PhD and
    2. Robert S. Baker, MD
  1. John D. Porter, PhD and
  2. Robert S. Baker, MD
  1. From the Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Dr. Porter), Ophthalmology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics (Drs. Porter and Baker), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY.
  2. Supported by grants from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., Fight-for-Sight, and the National Eye Institute (United States Public Health Service grants R01 EY09834 and R01 EY10760).
  3. Received April 19, 1995. Accepted in final form May 30, 1995.
  4. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. John D. Porter, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0084.
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  • Article
    • Extraocular muscle does not fit the traditional skeletal muscle fiber type classification schemes.
    • Innervation patterns of extraocular muscles set them apart from all other mammalian skeletal muscles.
    • Ocular motor motor units share similarities with and differences from the spinal motor neuron-limb muscle motor unit pattern.
    • Developmental factors contribute toward differences in muscle phenotype.
    • Proprioceptive mechanisms play a unique role in extraocular muscle.
    • Extraocular muscle does not exhibit the massive denervation atrophy that characterizes other skeletal muscles.
    • Myasthenia gravis may preferentially involve the extraocular muscles because of their acetylcholine receptor isoforms.
    • Extraocular muscle is spared the degeneration/regeneration cycle that affects every other skeletal muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
    • Muscle allotypes and motor neuron diversity may provide a framework for differential involvement of skeletal muscles in a variety of other neuromuscular disorders.
    • Local anesthetic myotoxicity is mitigated in the extraocular muscles.
    • Thyroid disease may preferentially involve the extraocular muscles.
    • Summary.
    • Acknowledgments
    • REFERENCES
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