Practice Parameter update: The care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Drug, nutritional, and respiratory therapies (an evidence-based review)
Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
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Figure 1 Nutrition management algorithm
*e.g., Bulbar questions in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale, or other instrument. †Prolonged meal time; ending meal prematurely because of fatigue; accelerated weight loss due to poor caloric intake; family concern about feeding difficulties. ‡Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: rule out contraindications.
Figure 2 Respiratory management algorithm
PFT = pulmonary function tests; PCEF = peak cough expiratory flow; NIV = noninvasive ventilation; SNP = sniff nasal pressure; MIP = maximal inspiratory pressure; FVC = forced vital capacity (supine or erect); Abnl.nocturnal oximetry = pO2 <4% from baseline. *Symptoms suggestive of nocturnal hypoventilation: frequent arousals, morning headaches, excessive daytime sleepiness, vivid dreams. †If NIV is not tolerated or accepted in the setting of advancing respiratory compromise, consider invasive ventilation or referral to hospice.
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