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Due to the lack of efficacy of anti-amyloid treatments in Alzheimer disease (AD), and even though numerous curative and preventive trials are in progress, new risk factors of AD and new potential strategies for prevention and treatment are welcome. Much work needs to be done. If we consider the epidemiologic and clinical studies of the last 2 decades, only 2 risk factors appear really robust and undisputable: age and having the APOE ɛ4 allele. Obviously, no strategies can be proposed to change such factors. In 3 articles appearing in this issue of Neurology®, new risk factors for AD were proposed that involve new pathways and suggest innovative treatment strategies.
In a clinical-based cohort conducted in Southampton, United Kingdom, Holmes et al.1 have shown that raised serum proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor–α [TNFα] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]), measured at baseline in patients with mild to moderate AD dementia, were associated with a 2-fold increased frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms characteristic …
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- Loss of metal homeostasis may be an additional risk factor for development of Alzheimer disease
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