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October 09, 2012; 79 (15) Articles

Serum lycopene decreases the risk of stroke in men

A population-based follow-up study

Jouni Karppi, Jari A. Laukkanen, Juhani Sivenius, Kimmo Ronkainen, Sudhir Kurl
First published October 8, 2012, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826e26a6
Jouni Karppi
From the Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (J.K., J.A.L., K.R., S.K.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Internal Medicine (J.A.L.), Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), University Hospital of Kuopio and Brain Research and Rehabilitation Centre Neuron, Kuopio, Finland.
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Jari A. Laukkanen
From the Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (J.K., J.A.L., K.R., S.K.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Internal Medicine (J.A.L.), Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), University Hospital of Kuopio and Brain Research and Rehabilitation Centre Neuron, Kuopio, Finland.
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Juhani Sivenius
From the Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (J.K., J.A.L., K.R., S.K.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Internal Medicine (J.A.L.), Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), University Hospital of Kuopio and Brain Research and Rehabilitation Centre Neuron, Kuopio, Finland.
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Kimmo Ronkainen
From the Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (J.K., J.A.L., K.R., S.K.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Internal Medicine (J.A.L.), Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), University Hospital of Kuopio and Brain Research and Rehabilitation Centre Neuron, Kuopio, Finland.
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Sudhir Kurl
From the Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (J.K., J.A.L., K.R., S.K.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Department of Internal Medicine (J.A.L.), Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), University Hospital of Kuopio and Brain Research and Rehabilitation Centre Neuron, Kuopio, Finland.
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Citation
Serum lycopene decreases the risk of stroke in men
Jouni Karppi, Jari A. Laukkanen, Juhani Sivenius, Kimmo Ronkainen, Sudhir Kurl
Neurology Oct 2012, 79 (15) 1540-1547; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826e26a6

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Abstract

Objective: Intake of fruits and vegetables and levels of serum carotenoids have been associated with decreased risk of stroke, but the results have been inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to examine whether serum concentrations of major carotenoids, α-tocopherol and retinol, are related to any stroke and ischemic stroke in men.

Methods: The study population consisted of 1,031 Finnish men aged 46−65 years in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor cohort. Serum concentrations of carotenoids retinol and α-tocopherol were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The association between the serum concentrations of lycopene α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and retinol and the risk of strokes was studied by using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: A total of 67 strokes occurred, and 50 of these were ischemic strokes during a median of 12.1 follow-up years. After adjustment for age, examination year, BMI, systolic blood pressure, smoking, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, and history of stroke, men in the highest quartile of serum lycopene concentrations had 59% and 55% lower risks of ischemic stroke and any stroke, compared with men in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25−0.95, p = 0.036 for any stroke and HR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.17−0.97, p = 0.042 for ischemic stroke). α-Carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and retinol were not related to the risk of strokes.

Conclusions: This prospective study shows that high serum concentrations of lycopene, as a marker of intake of tomatoes and tomato-based products, decrease the risk of any stroke and ischemic stroke in men.

Glossary

GLOSSARY
BMI=
body mass index;
CI=
confidence interval;
FINMONICA=
Finnish part of Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Diseases;
HPLC=
high-performance liquid chromatography;
HR=
hazard ratio;
ICD-9=
International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision;
KIHD=
Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor;
LDL=
low-density lipoprotein;
ROS=
reactive oxygen species;
SBP=
systolic blood pressure

Footnotes

  • Study funding: Supported by a grant from the EVO funding of Lapland Central Hospital.

  • Received March 5, 2012.
  • Accepted June 6, 2012.
  • Copyright © 2012 by AAN Enterprises, Inc.
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