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August 14, 2012; 79 (7) Articles

Neural anomaly and reorganization in speakers who stutter

A short-term intervention study

Chunming Lu, Chuansheng Chen, Danling Peng, Wenping You, Xuhui Zhang, Guosheng Ding, Xiaoxiang Deng, Qian Yan, Peter Howell
First published August 8, 2012, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826356d2
Chunming Lu
From the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (C.L., D.P., X.Z., G.D., X.D.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior (C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Institute of Psychology (W.Y.), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Stuttering Therapy Center (Q.Y.), Beijing, PR China; and Division of Psychology and Language Sciences (P.H.), University College London, UK.
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Chuansheng Chen
From the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (C.L., D.P., X.Z., G.D., X.D.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior (C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Institute of Psychology (W.Y.), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Stuttering Therapy Center (Q.Y.), Beijing, PR China; and Division of Psychology and Language Sciences (P.H.), University College London, UK.
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Danling Peng
From the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (C.L., D.P., X.Z., G.D., X.D.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior (C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Institute of Psychology (W.Y.), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Stuttering Therapy Center (Q.Y.), Beijing, PR China; and Division of Psychology and Language Sciences (P.H.), University College London, UK.
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Wenping You
From the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (C.L., D.P., X.Z., G.D., X.D.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior (C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Institute of Psychology (W.Y.), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Stuttering Therapy Center (Q.Y.), Beijing, PR China; and Division of Psychology and Language Sciences (P.H.), University College London, UK.
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Xuhui Zhang
From the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (C.L., D.P., X.Z., G.D., X.D.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior (C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Institute of Psychology (W.Y.), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Stuttering Therapy Center (Q.Y.), Beijing, PR China; and Division of Psychology and Language Sciences (P.H.), University College London, UK.
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Guosheng Ding
From the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (C.L., D.P., X.Z., G.D., X.D.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior (C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Institute of Psychology (W.Y.), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Stuttering Therapy Center (Q.Y.), Beijing, PR China; and Division of Psychology and Language Sciences (P.H.), University College London, UK.
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Xiaoxiang Deng
From the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (C.L., D.P., X.Z., G.D., X.D.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior (C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Institute of Psychology (W.Y.), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Stuttering Therapy Center (Q.Y.), Beijing, PR China; and Division of Psychology and Language Sciences (P.H.), University College London, UK.
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Qian Yan
From the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (C.L., D.P., X.Z., G.D., X.D.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior (C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Institute of Psychology (W.Y.), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Stuttering Therapy Center (Q.Y.), Beijing, PR China; and Division of Psychology and Language Sciences (P.H.), University College London, UK.
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Peter Howell
From the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (C.L., D.P., X.Z., G.D., X.D.), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior (C.C.), University of California, Irvine; Institute of Psychology (W.Y.), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Stuttering Therapy Center (Q.Y.), Beijing, PR China; and Division of Psychology and Language Sciences (P.H.), University College London, UK.
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Citation
Neural anomaly and reorganization in speakers who stutter
A short-term intervention study
Chunming Lu, Chuansheng Chen, Danling Peng, Wenping You, Xuhui Zhang, Guosheng Ding, Xiaoxiang Deng, Qian Yan, Peter Howell
Neurology Aug 2012, 79 (7) 625-632; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826356d2

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Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to differentiate between neural activity that represents neural anomalies that are responsible for persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) from the activity that is a result of compensating for stuttering. This was done by investigating alterations to the intrinsic functional architecture of speech-language processes of patients with PDS before and after a short-term intervention.

Methods: The resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and cortical thickness were examined before and after the intervention. The structural data were used to validate the functional results. Fifteen stuttering patients who received intervention (PDS+), 13 stuttering patients who did not receive intervention (PDS−), and 13 fluent controls participated.

Results: Before the intervention, both groups of PDS patients showed significant RSFC and cortical thickness reductions in the left pars-opercularis (PO) and RSFC increases in the cerebellum, as compared to fluent controls. The intervention was effective in reducing stuttering in PDS+ patients and lowering their RSFC in the cerebellum to the level of fluent controls. The intervention effect was specific to the PDS+ group (it was not evident in the PDS− group). The intervention did not change RSFC and cortical thickness in the left PO, which remained at its preintervention level.

Conclusions: The results suggest that the left PO is a locus where the intrinsic functional architecture of speech-language processes is altered in PDS patients, suggesting an etiologic role of this region in PDS. The cerebellum showed intervention-induced neural reorganization, suggesting a compensatory response when stuttering occurs.

GLOSSARY

AFNI=
Analysis of Functional NeuroImages;
BA=
Brodmann area;
EPI=
echoplanar image;
IC=
independent component;
ICA=
independent component analysis;
IFC=
inferior frontal cortex;
MFG=
middle frontal gyrus;
OASES=
Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering;
PDS=
persistent developmental stuttering;
PDS−=
stuttering patients who did not receive intervention;
PDS+=
stuttering patients who received intervention;
PO=
pars-opercularis;
ROI=
region of interest;
RSFC=
resting-state functional connectivity;
SMA=
supplementary motor area;
SSI-3=
Stuttering Severity Instrument version III;
TE=
echo time;
TR=
repetition time

Footnotes

  • Study funding: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (30900393).

  • Editorial, page 614

  • Supplemental data at www.neurology.org

  • Received October 21, 2011.
  • Accepted January 17, 2012.
  • Copyright © 2012 by AAN Enterprises, Inc.
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Letters: Rapid online correspondence

  • What you see is not always what you get
    • David B. Rosenfield, Director, Speech and Language Center, Neurological institute, Methodist Hospital; Professor, Weill Medical College of Cornell Universitydrosenfield@tmhs.org
    Submitted September 07, 2012
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