The visual word form area in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex develops with acquisition of reading skills. It is debated whether this region is specialized for reading1 or is rather a general-purpose area associating visual form (words, objects) with meaning. An outline of this debate can be found in appendix e-1 on the Neurology® Web site at www.neurology.org. We recorded intracranial EEG in 2 patients with epilepsy (figures 1, e-1, and e-2) and found neural populations responding almost exclusively to letter strings, over 500% of all other responses. With the exception of the fusiform face area, such specific responses have never been described before in the human visual system.2 Strong specialization in the human brain can thus be achieved also through cultural learning.
(A) Dejerine's drawing (1891)3 of the lesion in a patient “who suddenly observed that he could not read a single word, while he could write and speak quite well.” (B) Localization of the recording in patient P.M. (Talairach: −44x, −57y, −10z). (C) Mean broadband gamma response (50–150 Hz) to pronounceable pseudowords with a phonetic but no semantic dimension (e.g., “boutale”), unpronounceable consonant strings with no semantic or phonetic dimension (e.g., “qztvcw”), and other visual objects. We used pseudowords and consonant strings to minimize top-down lexical feedback that could arise for real words. (D) Trial-to-trial gamma power responses. Figure e-2 shows the T1 scan of one single patient's brain.
Footnotes
Supplemental data at www.neurology.org
Study funding: Supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM), BrainSync FP7 European Project (grant HEALTH-F2-2008-200728), and Agence Nationale de la Recherche OPENVIBE2 and MLA grants to J.R.V. and J.P.L. C.M.H. was supported by a Fyssen Fondation Postdoctoral Grant. M. Szwed was supported by a “Homing Plus” grant from the Foundation for Polish Science (2011-4/13) and a European Research Council Research grant (no. 230313).
Disclosure: The authors report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures.
- © 2013 American Academy of Neurology
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