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August 13, 2013; 81 (7) Article

An index to identify stroke-related vs incidental patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke

David M. Kent, Robin Ruthazer, Christian Weimar, Jean-Louis Mas, Joaquín Serena, Shunichi Homma, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Marco R. Di Tullio, Jennifer S. Lutz, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, John Griffith, Cheryl Jaigobin, Heinrich P. Mattle, Patrik Michel, Marie-Louise Mono, Krassen Nedeltchev, Federica Papetti, David E. Thaler
First published July 17, 2013, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a08d59
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Article Information

vol. 81 no. 7 619-625
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a08d59
PubMed: 
23864310
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received December 12, 2012
  • Accepted in final form April 29, 2013
  • First Published July 17, 2013.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2013 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. David M. Kent, MD, CM, MSc,
    2. Robin Ruthazer, MPH,
    3. Christian Weimar, MD,
    4. Jean-Louis Mas, MD,
    5. Joaquín Serena, MD, PhD,
    6. Shunichi Homma, MD,
    7. Emanuele Di Angelantonio, MD, MSc,
    8. Marco R. Di Tullio, MD,
    9. Jennifer S. Lutz, MS,
    10. Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MS,
    11. John Griffith, PhD,
    12. Cheryl Jaigobin, MD, MSc,
    13. Heinrich P. Mattle, MD,
    14. Patrik Michel, MD,
    15. Marie-Louise Mono, MD,
    16. Krassen Nedeltchev, MD,
    17. Federica Papetti, MD and
    18. David E. Thaler, MD, PhD
  1. David M. Kent, MD, CM, MSc,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. WL Gore Associates

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1)National Institute of Health (NIH), R21 NS079826, Principal Investigator, 2012 to 2014 (2) National Institute of Health (NIH), R01 NS062153, Principal Investigator, 2009 to 2014 (3)Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) 1IP2PI000722, Principal Investigator, 2012 to 2014

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Robin Ruthazer, MPH,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH/NINDS R01 NS062153 The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) Study [PI=Kent] My role: Statistician/Programmer 03/06/09-02/28/14

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Christian Weimar, MD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Bayer Schering (2) Bristol-Myers Squib (3) Sanofi Aventis

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Sanofi Aventis, travel and speaker honoraria (2) Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neurologische Intensivmedizin, funding for travel (3) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie, funding for travel (4) Biogen Idec, funding for travel (5) Teva, funding for travel (6) Boehringer Ingelheim, funding for travel

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Cerebrovascular Diseases, editorial board member, 2008-ongoing (2) Stroke News, editorial office 2006- ongoing

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Consultant, University hospital Essen

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. (1) Sanofi Aventis (2) Boehringer Ingelheim

    Other activities:

    1. participation in clinical trials by (1) Brainsgate, (2) D-Pharm (3) PhotoThera (4) Portola (5) Pierre Fabre

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Johnson & Johnson

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) German Research Council, 2010-ongoing, WE 2858/3-1 (2) TeBiKom.Ruhr, 2012-ongoing, 005-GW02-067E

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Jean-Louis Mas, MD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Astra-Zeneca (2) Boehringer-Ingelheim (3) BMS (4) Daiichi-Sankyo (5) Sanofi Aventis

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. 1) Boehringer-Ingelheim, honoraria, 2) Sanofi Aventis, honoraria, 3) Servier, honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) French Ministry of Health, 1 grant, coordination of a randomized clinical trial, ongoing, (2) INSERM Institut National Scientifique Et de la Recherche Medicale, financing a Stroke Research Unit, ongoing

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Joaquín Serena, MD, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Shunichi Homma, MD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. St Judes - Medical Consultant Pfizer - Pharmaceutical Consultant/Advisory Bd Tekeda - Pharmaceutical Consultant/Advisory Bd BMS - Pharmaceutical Consultant/Advisory Bd

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH WARCEF Study, NIH-NINDS, U01 NS043975

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Emanuele Di Angelantonio, MD, MSc,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Marco R. Di Tullio, MD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH/NINDS R01 NS36286-11 PI Years:2005-2012

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Jennifer S. Lutz, MS,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MS,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Jarvik Heart, Clinical Events Committee member, adjudicating events in clinical trial of artificial heart (2008-present); (2) Biogen IDEC, scientific advisory board, stroke trial design

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Neurology, Resident and Fellow Section editor, published by American Academy of Neurology (2007-present)

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Columbia University

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) BMS-Pfizer Partnership, consultant regarding antithrombotics for stroke

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) diaDexus, Inc: funding for biomarker research; (2) BMS-Sanofi Pharmaceutical Partnership: funding for biomarker research

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) NIH/NINDS P50 NS049060, Project PI, 2004-2013;(2) NIH/NINDS R37 NS029993, Co-PI, 2008-2013; (3) NIH/NINDS 1R25 NS070697, PI, 2010-2015

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) American Heart Association Founders Affiliate Board of Directors)(2008-present); (2) American Heart Association NY City Board of Directors (2011-present)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. (1) GSK, Avandia and stroke litigation, 2009-2011;(2) Organon/Merck, NuvaRing and stroke litigation, 2009-present;(3) Novartis, aliskiren and stroke litigation, 2013-present

  11. John Griffith, PhD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Northeastern University, Bouve College Associate Dean of Research

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) Boston Public Health Commission. Biostatistician, 2011- 2013 (2) NIH, P50HL105185, Biostatistician, 2010-2015 (3) NIH, R01NS062153, Biostatistician, 2009-2014 (4) NIH, R01MH096707, Biostatistician, 2012-2015

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Tufts Medical Center, Biostatistician -2012

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Cheryl Jaigobin, MD, MSc,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Honoria at speaking engagements sponsored by Boeringer- Ingelheim and Sanofi Aventis June 2008, June 2009

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Heinrich P. Mattle, MD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Servier, St. Jude Medical

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Servier, Sanofi, Bayer, Biogen, Böhringer-Ingelheim, Merck, MSD, Teva, St. Jude Medical, Novartis, Pfizer

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Stroke, International Journal of Stroke, Swiss Medical Weekly, Practical Neurology

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Neurologie, Kurzlehrbuch Neurologie, Neurology, Fundamentals of Neurology, DGN Leitlinien, all Thieme Publisher, Stuttgart

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Servier, Sanofi, Bayer, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck, MSD, Pfizer, Teva, AGA Medical, Novartis, Pfizer

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Servier, Sanofi, Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Teva, St. Jude Medical, Novartis, Böhringer-Ingelheim

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Servier, Sanofi, Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Teva, St. Jude Medical, Novartis, Pfizer

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Swiss Science Foundation

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Swiss Heart Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Patrik Michel, MD,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Bayer, Pfizer

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim

    Editorial Boards:

    1. International Journal of Stroke.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Pierre-Fabre

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bayer

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Lundbeck

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Swiss National Science Foundation

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Swiss Cardiology Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Marie-Louise Mono, MD,
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. Krassen Nedeltchev, MD,
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Served on a scientific advisory board for Bayer (Schweiz) AG, Pfizer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Genzyme

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Consultancies for “Innovative Technologies-Invatec” in 2007.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Sponsor/Funding source: The Swiss National Research Foundation, Grant Nr 32003B_120522; 3 years

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Swiss Heart Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  17. Federica Papetti, MD and
    18. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  18. David E. Thaler, MD, PhD
    19. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Lantheus Medical Imaging, DSMB

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. St Jude Medical (AGA Medical); WL Gore Associates

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NINDS, Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) Study, co-PI

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (D.M.K., R.R., J.S.L., J.G.) and Department of Neurology (D.M.K., D.E.T.), Tufts Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (C.W.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.-L.M.), Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris-Descartes University, France; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Hospital Universitari Doctor Josep Trueta Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain; Division of Cardiology (S.H., M.R.D.) and Departments of Neurology (M.S.V.E.) and Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (E.D.), Cambridge University, UK; Department of Neurology (C.J.), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (H.P.M., M.-L.M.), Inselspital, University of Bern; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lausanne (P.M.); Department of Neurology (K.N.), Triemli Municipal Hospital, Switzerland; and Department of Cardiology (F.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
  1. Correspondence to Dr. Kent: Dkent1{at}tuftsmedicalcenter.org
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