This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.
The common view in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) is that immune-mediated attacks of the CNS reflect some imbalance between effector and regulatory limbs of the immune system. Studies in adults with established MS point to exaggerated responses of effector cells (including Th1 and Th17 CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells) as well as defective suppressive capacities of regulatory cells (including Treg and Breg cells). Traditionally, the focus has been on memory (or “antigen-experienced”) cells, given the premise that the offending immune cells have already been activated to recognize CNS targets. However, it remains unclear whether the abnormalities in effector or regulatory cells emerge after immune cells are activated, or reflect the consequences of a primary defect in development of naive immune cells that have not yet encountered their antigen.
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the editorial.
See page 784
Supplemental data at www.neurology.org
- © 2013 American Academy of Neurology
AAN Members
We have changed the login procedure to improve access between AAN.com and the Neurology journals. If you are experiencing issues, please log out of AAN.com and clear history and cookies. (For instructions by browser, please click the instruction pages below). After clearing, choose preferred Journal and select login for AAN Members. You will be redirected to a login page where you can log in with your AAN ID number and password. When you are returned to the Journal, your name should appear at the top right of the page.
AAN Non-Member Subscribers
Purchase access
Disputes & Debates: Rapid online correspondence
REQUIREMENTS
If you are uploading a letter concerning an article:
You must have updated your disclosures within six months: http://submit.neurology.org
Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment.
If you are responding to a comment that was written about an article you originally authored:
You (and co-authors) do not need to fill out forms or check disclosures as author forms are still valid
and apply to letter.
Submission specifications:
- Submissions must be < 200 words with < 5 references. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
- Submissions should not have more than 5 authors. (Exception: original author replies can include all original authors of the article)
- Submit only on articles published within 6 months of issue date.
- Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
- Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.