March 25, 2014; 82 (12) Article
Comorbidity and medication in REM sleep behavior disorder
A multicenter case-control study
Birgit Frauscher, Poul Jennum, Yo-El S. Ju, Ronald B. Postuma, Isabelle Arnulf, Valerie Cochen De Cock, Yves Dauvilliers, Maria L. Fantini, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, David Gabelia, Alex Iranzo, Smaranda Leu-Semenescu, Thomas Mitterling, Masayuki Miyamoto, Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Jacques Y. Montplaisir, Wolfgang Oertel, Amélie Pelletier, Paolo Prunetti, Monica Puligheddu, Joan Santamaria, Karel Sonka, Marcus Unger, Christina Wolfson, Marco Zucconi, Michele Terzaghi, Birgit Högl, Geert Mayer, Raffaele Manni
First published February 19, 2014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000247
Birgit Frauscher
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Poul Jennum
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Yo-El S. Ju
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Ronald B. Postuma
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Isabelle Arnulf
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Valerie Cochen De Cock
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Yves Dauvilliers
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Maria L. Fantini
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Luigi Ferini-Strambi
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
David Gabelia
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Alex Iranzo
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Smaranda Leu-Semenescu
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Thomas Mitterling
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Masayuki Miyamoto
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Tomoyuki Miyamoto
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Jacques Y. Montplaisir
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Wolfgang Oertel
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Amélie Pelletier
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Paolo Prunetti
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Monica Puligheddu
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Joan Santamaria
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Karel Sonka
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Marcus Unger
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Christina Wolfson
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Marco Zucconi
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Michele Terzaghi
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Birgit Högl
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Geert Mayer
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Raffaele Manni
From the Department of Neurology (B.F., D.G., T.M., B.H.), Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine (P.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology (Y.-E.S.J.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Canada; Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil (I.A., S.L.-S.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, and Inserm U975-CRICM-Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris; Sleep Unit (V.C.D.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France; Sleep Disorders Center (M.L.F.), Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy; UFR Medecine (M.L.F.), EA 7280, University Clermont 1, France; Sleep Disorders Center (L.F.-S., M.Z.), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi; Department of Neurology (T.M.), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Centre d'Études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil (J.Y.M.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Canada; Philipps-Universität (W.O., M.U.), Marburg, Germany; Neuroepidemiology Research Unit (A.P., C.W.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; Canada; Unit of Sleep Medicine (P.P., M.T., R.M.), National Institute of Neurology IRCCS, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Sleep Center (M.P.), Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Department of Neurology (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.U.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar; and Hephata Klinik (G.M.), Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany.
Comorbidity and medication in REM sleep behavior disorder
A multicenter case-control study
Birgit Frauscher, Poul Jennum, Yo-El S. Ju, Ronald B. Postuma, Isabelle Arnulf, Valerie Cochen De Cock, Yves Dauvilliers, Maria L. Fantini, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, David Gabelia, Alex Iranzo, Smaranda Leu-Semenescu, Thomas Mitterling, Masayuki Miyamoto, Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Jacques Y. Montplaisir, Wolfgang Oertel, Amélie Pelletier, Paolo Prunetti, Monica Puligheddu, Joan Santamaria, Karel Sonka, Marcus Unger, Christina Wolfson, Marco Zucconi, Michele Terzaghi, Birgit Högl, Geert Mayer, Raffaele Manni
Neurology Mar 2014, 82 (12) 1076-1079; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000247
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