February 11, 2014; 82 (6) Article
Genotype–phenotype correlations in alternating hemiplegia of childhood
Masayuki Sasaki, Atsushi Ishii, Yoshiaki Saito, Naoya Morisada, Kazumoto Iijima, Satoshi Takada, Atsushi Araki, Yuko Tanabe, Hidee Arai, Sumimasa Yamashita, Tsukasa Ohashi, Yoichiro Oda, Hiroshi Ichiseki, Shininchi Hirabayashi, Akihiro Yasuhara, Hisashi Kawawaki, Sadami Kimura, Masayuki Shimono, Seiro Narumiya, Motomasa Suzuki, Takeshi Yoshida, Yoshinobu Oyazato, Shuichi Tsuneishi, Shiro Ozasa, Kenji Yokochi, Sunao Dejima, Tomoyuki Akiyama, Nobuyuki Kishi, Ryutaro Kira, Toshio Ikeda, Hirokazu Oguni, Bo Zhang, Shoji Tsuji, Shinichi Hirose
First published January 15, 2014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000102
Masayuki Sasaki
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Atsushi Ishii
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshiaki Saito
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Naoya Morisada
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Kazumoto Iijima
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Satoshi Takada
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Atsushi Araki
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Yuko Tanabe
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Hidee Arai
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Sumimasa Yamashita
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Tsukasa Ohashi
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Yoichiro Oda
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroshi Ichiseki
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Shininchi Hirabayashi
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Akihiro Yasuhara
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Hisashi Kawawaki
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Sadami Kimura
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Masayuki Shimono
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Seiro Narumiya
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Motomasa Suzuki
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Takeshi Yoshida
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshinobu Oyazato
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Shuichi Tsuneishi
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Shiro Ozasa
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Kenji Yokochi
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Sunao Dejima
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Tomoyuki Akiyama
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Nobuyuki Kishi
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Ryutaro Kira
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Toshio Ikeda
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Hirokazu Oguni
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Bo Zhang
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Shoji Tsuji
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Shinichi Hirose
From the Department of Child Neurology (M. Sasaki, Y.S.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira; Department of Pediatrics and Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy (A.I., S. Hirose) and Department of Biochemistry (B.Z.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (N.M., K.I., S. Takada), Kobe University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (A.A., Y.T.), Kansai Medical University, Osaka; Department of Neurology (H.A.), Chiba Children's Hospital; Division of Neurology (S.Y.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama; Department of Pediatrics (T.O.), Nishi-Niigata Central Hospital, Niigata; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oda, H.I.), Chigasaki Municipal Hospital; Department of Neurology (S. Hirabayashi), Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino; Yasuhara Children's Clinic (A.Y.), Osaka; Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Osaka City General Hospital; Division of Child Neurology (S.K.), Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi; Department of Pediatrics (M. Shimono), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; Department of Pediatrics (S.N.), Nagahama Red Cross Hospital; Department of Child Neurology (M. Suzuki), Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai; Department of Pediatrics (T.Y.), Kyoto University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Y. Oyazato), Kakogawa-Nishi Municipal Hospital, Kakogawa; Department of Pediatrics (S. Tsuneishi), Medical and Welfare Center Kizuna, Kasai; Department of Child Development (S.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto; Department of Pediatric Neurology (K.Y.), Seirei-Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu; Department of Pediatrics (S.D.), Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Child Neurology (T.A.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (N.K.), Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto; Department of Pediatrics, (R.K.) Fukuoka Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (T.I.), Miyazaki University School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (H.O.), Tokyo Women's Medical University; and the Department of Neurology (S. Tsuji), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Genotype–phenotype correlations in alternating hemiplegia of childhood
Masayuki Sasaki, Atsushi Ishii, Yoshiaki Saito, Naoya Morisada, Kazumoto Iijima, Satoshi Takada, Atsushi Araki, Yuko Tanabe, Hidee Arai, Sumimasa Yamashita, Tsukasa Ohashi, Yoichiro Oda, Hiroshi Ichiseki, Shininchi Hirabayashi, Akihiro Yasuhara, Hisashi Kawawaki, Sadami Kimura, Masayuki Shimono, Seiro Narumiya, Motomasa Suzuki, Takeshi Yoshida, Yoshinobu Oyazato, Shuichi Tsuneishi, Shiro Ozasa, Kenji Yokochi, Sunao Dejima, Tomoyuki Akiyama, Nobuyuki Kishi, Ryutaro Kira, Toshio Ikeda, Hirokazu Oguni, Bo Zhang, Shoji Tsuji, Shinichi Hirose
Neurology Feb 2014, 82 (6) 482-490; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000102
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Abstract
Objective: Clinical severity of alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is extremely variable. To investigate genotype–phenotype correlations in AHC, we analyzed the clinical information and ATP1A3 mutations in patients with AHC.
Methods: Thirty-five Japanese patients who were clinically diagnosed with AHC participated in this study. ATP1A3 mutations were analyzed using Sanger sequencing. Detailed clinical information was collected from family members of patients with AHC and clinicians responsible for their care.
Results: Gene analysis revealed 33 patients with de novo heterozygous missense mutations of ATP1A3: Glu815Lys in 12 cases (36%), Asp801Asn in 10 cases (30%), and other missense mutations in 11 cases. Clinical information was compared among the Glu815Lys, Asp801Asn, and other mutation groups. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the history of neonatal onset, gross motor level, status epilepticus, and respiratory paralysis in the Glu815Lys group compared with the other groups. In addition, 8 patients who did not receive flunarizine had severe motor deteriorations.
Conclusions: The Glu815Lys genotype appears to be associated with the most severe AHC phenotype. Although AHC is not generally seen as a progressive disorder, it should be considered a disorder that deteriorates abruptly or in a stepwise fashion, particularly in patients with the Glu815Lys mutation.
GLOSSARY
- AHC=
- alternating hemiplegia of childhood;
- DYT12=
- rapid-onset dystonia–parkinsonism
Footnotes
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
Editorial, page 468
- Received May 24, 2013.
- Accepted in final form September 12, 2013.
- © 2014 American Academy of Neurology
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