Skip to main content
  • Neurology.org
  • Journals
    • Neurology
    • Clinical Practice
    • Education
    • Genetics
    • Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
  • Online Sections
    • Neurology Video Journal Club
    • Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, Anti-racism, & Social Justice (IDEAS)
    • Innovations in Care Delivery
    • Practice Buzz
    • Practice Current
    • Residents & Fellows
    • Without Borders
  • Collections
    • COVID-19
    • Disputes & Debates
    • Health Disparities
    • Infographics
    • Neurology Future Forecasting Series
    • Null Hypothesis
    • Patient Pages
    • Topics A-Z
    • Translations
  • Podcast
  • CME
  • About
    • About the Journals
    • Contact Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Center

Advanced Search

Main menu

  • Neurology.org
  • Journals
    • Neurology
    • Clinical Practice
    • Education
    • Genetics
    • Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
  • Online Sections
    • Neurology Video Journal Club
    • Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, Anti-racism, & Social Justice (IDEAS)
    • Innovations in Care Delivery
    • Practice Buzz
    • Practice Current
    • Residents & Fellows
    • Without Borders
  • Collections
    • COVID-19
    • Disputes & Debates
    • Health Disparities
    • Infographics
    • Neurology Future Forecasting Series
    • Null Hypothesis
    • Patient Pages
    • Topics A-Z
    • Translations
  • Podcast
  • CME
  • About
    • About the Journals
    • Contact Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Center
  • Home
  • Latest Articles
  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues
  • Neurology Video Journal Club
  • Residents & Fellows

User menu

  • Subscribe
  • My Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Neurology
Home
The most widely read and highly cited peer-reviewed neurology journal
  • Subscribe
  • My Alerts
  • Log in
Site Logo
  • Home
  • Latest Articles
  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues
  • Neurology Video Journal Club
  • Residents & Fellows

Share

April 21, 2015; 84 (16) Special Article

Evidence-based guideline: Management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults

Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society

Allan Krumholz, Samuel Wiebe, Gary S. Gronseth, David S. Gloss, Ana M. Sanchez, Arif A. Kabir, Aisha T. Liferidge, Justin P. Martello, Andres M. Kanner, Shlomo Shinnar, Jennifer L. Hopp, Jacqueline A. French
First published April 20, 2015, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001487
Allan Krumholz
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Samuel Wiebe
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Gary S. Gronseth
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
David S. Gloss
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ana M. Sanchez
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Arif A. Kabir
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Aisha T. Liferidge
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Justin P. Martello
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Andres M. Kanner
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Shlomo Shinnar
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jennifer L. Hopp
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jacqueline A. French
From the Department of Neurology, Maryland Epilepsy Center (A.K.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.S., A.A.K., J.P.M., J.L.H.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; US Department of Veterans Affairs (A.K.), Maryland Healthcare System, Epilepsy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.W.), University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS; Department of Neurology (D.S.G.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.T.L.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.M.K.), International Center for Epilepsy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology & Population Health (S.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx; and New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Full PDF
Citation
Evidence-based guideline: Management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults
Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society
Allan Krumholz, Samuel Wiebe, Gary S. Gronseth, David S. Gloss, Ana M. Sanchez, Arif A. Kabir, Aisha T. Liferidge, Justin P. Martello, Andres M. Kanner, Shlomo Shinnar, Jennifer L. Hopp, Jacqueline A. French
Neurology Apr 2015, 84 (16) 1705-1713; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001487

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Permissions

Make Comment

See Comments

Downloads
85656

Share

  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Disclosures
  • CME Course
Loading

Abstract

Objective: To provide evidence-based recommendations for treatment of adults with an unprovoked first seizure.

Methods: We defined relevant questions and systematically reviewed published studies according to the American Academy of Neurology's classification of evidence criteria; we based recommendations on evidence level.

Results and recommendations: Adults with an unprovoked first seizure should be informed that their seizure recurrence risk is greatest early within the first 2 years (21%–45%) (Level A), and clinical variables associated with increased risk may include a prior brain insult (Level A), an EEG with epileptiform abnormalities (Level A), a significant brain-imaging abnormality (Level B), and a nocturnal seizure (Level B). Immediate antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy, as compared with delay of treatment pending a second seizure, is likely to reduce recurrence risk within the first 2 years (Level B) but may not improve quality of life (Level C). Over a longer term (>3 years), immediate AED treatment is unlikely to improve prognosis as measured by sustained seizure remission (Level B). Patients should be advised that risk of AED adverse events (AEs) may range from 7% to 31% (Level B) and that these AEs are likely predominantly mild and reversible. Clinicians' recommendations whether to initiate immediate AED treatment after a first seizure should be based on individualized assessments that weigh the risk of recurrence against the AEs of AED therapy, consider educated patient preferences, and advise that immediate treatment will not improve the long-term prognosis for seizure remission but will reduce seizure risk over the subsequent 2 years.

GLOSSARY

AAN=
American Academy of Neurology;
AE=
adverse event;
AED=
antiepileptic drug;
CI=
confidence interval;
ILAE=
International League Against Epilepsy;
QOL=
quality of life

Footnotes

  • Approved by the Guideline Development Subcommittee on November 16, 2013; by the Practice Committee on January 20, 2014; by the AES Board of Directors on February 13, 2014; and by the AANI Board of Directors on December 1, 2014.

  • This guideline was endorsed by the World Federation of Neurology on May 20, 2014, and by the American Neurological Association on May 21, 2014.

  • Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

  • Supplemental data at Neurology.org

  • Received March 10, 2014.
  • Accepted in final form October 30, 2014.
  • © 2015 American Academy of Neurology
View Full Text

Letters: Rapid online correspondence

  • Commentary authors' response to Krumholz
    • Andrew J. Cole, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston;cole.andrew@mgh.harvard.edu
    • Gregory D. Cascino, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
    Submitted July 14, 2015
  • Guideline authors' response to Neurology: Clinical Practice commentary by Drs. Cole and Cascino
    • Allan Krumholz, Director, US Department of Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System Epilepsy Center of Excellenceguidelines@aan.com
    • Allan Krumholz, Baltimore, MD; Shlomo Shinnar, Bronx, NY; Jacqueline French, New York, NY; Gary Gronseth, Kansas City, KS; Samuel Wiebe, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
    Submitted July 14, 2015
  • The management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults
    • Simona Lattanzi, MD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.alfierelattanzisimona@gmail.com
    • Claudia Cagnetti, Mauro Silvestrini, Ancona, Italy
    Submitted July 07, 2015
  • Authors' response to Dr. Lattanzi et al.
    • Allan Krumholz, Director, US Department of Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System Epilepsy Center of Excellenceguidelines@aan.com
    • Allan Krumholz, Baltimore, MD; Shlomo Shinnar, Bronx, NY; Jacqueline French, New York, NY; Samuel Wiebe, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; David Gloss, Danville, PA
    Submitted June 03, 2015
  • Authors' response to Dr. Sethi's correspondence
    • Allan Krumholz, MD, Director, US Department of Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System Epilepsy Center of Excellenceguidelines@aan.com
    • Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Bronx, NY; Jacqueline French, MD, New York, NY; David S. Gloss, MD, Danville, PA; Samuel Wiebe, MD, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
    Submitted May 08, 2015
  • Unprovoked first seizure: to treat or not to treat?
    • Nitin K. Sethi, Assistant Professor of Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 1006sethinitinmd@hotmail.com
    • Nitin K Sethi, New York, NY
    Submitted May 01, 2015
Comment

REQUIREMENTS

If you are uploading a letter concerning an article:
You must have updated your disclosures within six months: http://submit.neurology.org

Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment.

If you are responding to a comment that was written about an article you originally authored:
You (and co-authors) do not need to fill out forms or check disclosures as author forms are still valid
and apply to letter.

Submission specifications:

  • Submissions must be < 200 words with < 5 references. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
  • Submissions should not have more than 5 authors. (Exception: original author replies can include all original authors of the article)
  • Submit only on articles published within 6 months of issue date.
  • Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
  • Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.

More guidelines and information on Disputes & Debates

Compose Comment

More information about text formats

Plain text

  • No HTML tags allowed.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
Author Information
NOTE: The first author must also be the corresponding author of the comment.
First or given name, e.g. 'Peter'.
Your last, or family, name, e.g. 'MacMoody'.
Your email address, e.g. higgs-boson@gmail.com
Your role and/or occupation, e.g. 'Orthopedic Surgeon'.
Your organization or institution (if applicable), e.g. 'Royal Free Hospital'.
Publishing Agreement
NOTE: All authors, besides the first/corresponding author, must complete a separate Publishing Agreement Form and provide via email to the editorial office before comments can be posted.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.

Vertical Tabs

You May Also be Interested in

Back to top
  • Article
    • Abstract
    • GLOSSARY
    • DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYTIC PROCESS
    • ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCE
    • RECOMMENDATIONS
    • CLINICAL CONTEXT
    • FUTURE RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
    • AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
    • STUDY FUNDING
    • DISCLOSURE
    • DISCLAIMER
    • CONFLICT OF INTEREST
    • Footnotes
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Disclosures
  • CME Course

More Online

CME Course

Hemiplegic Migraine Associated With PRRT2 Variations A Clinical and Genetic Study

Dr. Robert Shapiro and Dr. Amynah Pradhan

► Watch

Topics Discussed

  • All Epilepsy/Seizures

Alert Me

  • Alert me when eletters are published
Neurology: 100 (6)

Articles

  • Ahead of Print
  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues
  • Popular Articles
  • Translations

About

  • About the Journals
  • Ethics Policies
  • Editors & Editorial Board
  • Contact Us
  • Advertise

Submit

  • Author Center
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Information for Reviewers
  • AAN Guidelines
  • Permissions

Subscribers

  • Subscribe
  • Activate a Subscription
  • Sign up for eAlerts
  • RSS Feed
Site Logo
  • Visit neurology Template on Facebook
  • Follow neurology Template on Twitter
  • Visit Neurology on YouTube
  • Neurology
  • Neurology: Clinical Practice
  • Neurology: Education
  • Neurology: Genetics
  • Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
  • AAN.com
  • AANnews
  • Continuum
  • Brain & Life
  • Neurology Today

Wolters Kluwer Logo

Neurology | Print ISSN:0028-3878
Online ISSN:1526-632X

© 2023 American Academy of Neurology

  • Privacy Policy
  • Feedback
  • Advertise