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March 22, 2016; 86 (12) ArticleOpen Access

Effect of intellectual enrichment on AD biomarker trajectories

Longitudinal imaging study

Prashanthi Vemuri, Timothy G. Lesnick, Scott A. Przybelski, David S. Knopman, Mary Machulda, Val J. Lowe, Michelle M. Mielke, Rosebud O. Roberts, Jeffrey L. Gunter, Matthew L. Senjem, Yonas E. Geda, Walter A. Rocca, Ronald C. Petersen, Clifford R. Jack
First published February 24, 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002490
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Article Information

vol. 86 no. 12 1128-1135
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002490
PubMed: 
26911640
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received June 23, 2015
  • Accepted in final form November 25, 2015
  • First Published February 24, 2016.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2016 American Academy of Neurology This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially.

Author Disclosures

    1. Prashanthi Vemuri, PhD,
    2. Timothy G. Lesnick, MS,
    3. Scott A. Przybelski, BS,
    4. David S. Knopman, MD,
    5. Mary Machulda, PhD, LP,
    6. Val J. Lowe, MD,
    7. Michelle M. Mielke, PhD,
    8. Rosebud O. Roberts, MBChB,
    9. Jeffrey L. Gunter, PhD,
    10. Matthew L. Senjem, MS,
    11. Yonas E. Geda, MD,
    12. Walter A. Rocca, MD, MPH,
    13. Ronald C. Petersen, PhD, MD and
    14. Clifford R. Jack Jr, MD
  1. Prashanthi Vemuri, PhD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Timothy G. Lesnick, MS,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Scott A. Przybelski, BS,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. David S. Knopman, MD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Consultant Bluefield project (frontotemporal demantia); Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals (Sept 2013 ongoing); DIAN study DSMB (Sept 2013 ongoing).

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Lectures, Alzheimer Conference, Seoul Korea, December 2014

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Associate Editor Neurology

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Tau Rx clinical trial funded by TAURX (2) A4 clinical trial partially funded by Lilly

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH: R01-AG11378 ongoing, P50-AG 16574 (Mayo Alzheimer?s Disease Research Center) ongoing, U01 AG 06786 (Mayo Alzheimer Disease Patient Registry) ongoing. 1U01HL096917-01 ARIC Dementia Study. AG 037551 Chronic Kidney Disease and Cognitive functioning.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Mary Machulda, PhD, LP,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) National Institutes of Health; R01 DC 12519-01A1; Co- investigator 07/2013 - 06/2018 (2) Co-Investigator Core B - Clinical - Rochester in: Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Funded by National Institute on Aging. (P50 AG 16574) 05/01/2014 - 04/30/2019

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Val J. Lowe, MD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Piramal Imaging

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) GE Health Care (2) Siemens Molecular Imaging (3) AVID Radiopharmaceuticals

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) NIA R01 DC010367-01, CoI, 12/01/09-11/30/14 (2) NIA P50 AG016574-12, Co-PI Project #1, 05/01/09- 04/30/14 (3) NIA R01 AG011378-16, CoI, 06/01/08-05/31/13 (4) NCI R01 CA136526-02, CoI, 01/01/09-11/30/14 (5) P30 CA015083-35, Program Director, 07/01/09- 06/30/12 (6) P50 CA102701-07, CoI, 09/01/08-08/31/13 (7) R01 CA125614-04 , CoI,09/26/06-07/31/11 (8)R21 CA123909-02, CoI, 07/01/07-08/01/12

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) MN Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics (2) Elsie and Marvin Dekelboum Family Foundation (3) Leukemia & Lymphoma Society

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Michelle M. Mielke, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. I have received speaker honoraria from AbbVie and Lysosomal Therapeutics, Inc.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Alzheimer's and Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer Association, associate editor, 2012-present Journal of Alzheimer Disease, associate editor, 2012- present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. AbbVie and Lysosomal Therapeutics, Inc.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Dr. Mielke was funded by the following NIH grants: U01 AG037526 U01 AG006786

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Dr. Mielke also received research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation. Role: PI. Date: 01/01/2014-06/30/2015.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Rosebud O. Roberts, MBChB,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease; Associate Editor

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) NIH U01 AG006786 [Coinvestigator] 2009-2014

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Mayo Clinic [coinvestigator], GHR Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Jeffrey L. Gunter, PhD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH AG11378 support 2001-present

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Matthew L. Senjem, MS,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. (1) Medtronic, Inc., 2013 - 2015 (2) Inovio Biomedical Corp., 2013 - 2015 (3) Parexel International Corporation, 2013 - 2015 (4) Oncothyreon, Inc., 2013 - 2015 (5) Gilead Sciences, Inc., 2014 - 2015

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Yonas E. Geda, MD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 2013 to present : Member, editorial board of International Psychogeriatrics.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. National Institutes of Health (NIH), K01 MH068531

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1-Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Award (RWJ foundation). 2- European Union Regional Development Fund (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0123)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Walter A. Rocca, MD, MPH,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 2008 - to present: Revista de Neurologia (in Spanish) 2008 - to present: Maturitas 2009 - to present: Menopause Dr. Rocca is a member of the editorial boards of the above-listed journals. No compensation is received from any of these journals for his participation.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Dr. Rocca receives research support from the NIH (R01 AG034676 [PI]; U01 AG006786 [co-investigator]; P50 AG044170[co-investigator]; and P01 AG04875 [co- investigator]).

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Ronald C. Petersen, PhD, MD and
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Pfizer, Inc., Chair, Data Monitoring Committee; (2) Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy, Chair, Data Monitoring Committee

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Mild Cognitive Impairment,Oxford University Press, 2003

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Roche Incorporated, (2) Merck, (3) Genentech, (4) Biogen, (5) Eli Lilly

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. National Institute on Aging: U01-AG006786 (PI) (1986-present) P50-AG016574 (PI) (1990-present) R01-AG011378 (Co-I) U01-AG024904 (Co-I)

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Clifford R. Jack Jr, MD
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. scientific advisory panels: Eli Lily

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. National Institutes of Health: RO1 AG011378 PI; U01 AG024904-01 co-I; RO1 AG37551 co-I; U01 AG032438 co-I; RO1 AG041851-01 co-PI

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. The Alexander Family Professorship for Alzheimer's disease Research, Mayo Clinic

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. own stock in Johnson and Johnson Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: Johnson and Johnson

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. Johnson and Johnson

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Departments of Radiology (P.V., V.J.L., J.L.G., M.L.S., C.R.J.), Health Sciences Research (T.G.L., S.A.P., M.M.M., R.O.R., W.A.R.), Neurology (D.S.K., M.M.M., R.O.R., W.A.R., R.C.P.), and Psychology (M.M., Y.E.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Departments of Psychiatry (Y.E.G.) and Neurology (Y.E.G.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
  1. Correspondence to Dr. Vemuri: vemuri.prashanthi{at}mayo.edu
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