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April 12, 2016; 86 (15) Article

Health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis

Direct and indirect effects of comorbidity

Lindsay I. Berrigan, John D. Fisk, Scott B. Patten, Helen Tremlett, Christina Wolfson, Sharon Warren, Kirsten M. Fiest, Kyla A. McKay, Ruth Ann Marrie, For the CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis (ECoMS)
First published March 9, 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002564
Lindsay I. Berrigan
From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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John D. Fisk
From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Scott B. Patten
From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Helen Tremlett
From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Christina Wolfson
From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Sharon Warren
From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Kirsten M. Fiest
From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Kyla A. McKay
From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Ruth Ann Marrie
From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Citation
Health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis
Direct and indirect effects of comorbidity
Lindsay I. Berrigan, John D. Fisk, Scott B. Patten, Helen Tremlett, Christina Wolfson, Sharon Warren, Kirsten M. Fiest, Kyla A. McKay, Ruth Ann Marrie, For the CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis (ECoMS)
Neurology Apr 2016, 86 (15) 1417-1424; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002564

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Article Information

vol. 86 no. 15 1417-1424
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002564
PubMed: 
26962068

Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received May 27, 2015
  • Accepted in final form January 5, 2016
  • First Published March 9, 2016.

Article Versions

  • Previous version (March 9, 2016 - 13:00).
  • You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Copyright & Usage: 
© 2016 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Lindsay I. Berrigan, PhD,
    2. John D. Fisk, PhD,
    3. Scott B. Patten, MD, PhD,
    4. Helen Tremlett, PhD,
    5. Christina Wolfson, PhD,
    6. Sharon Warren, PhD,
    7. Kirsten M. Fiest, PhD,
    8. Kyla A. McKay, BSc,
    9. Ruth Ann Marrie, MD, PhD;
    10. For the CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis (ECoMS)
  1. Lindsay I. Berrigan, PhD,
  2. Scientific Advisory Boards:
    1. NONE

    Gifts:
    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:
    1. NONE

    Patents:
    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:
    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:
    1. NONE

    Consultancies:
    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:
    1. NONE

    Other Activities:
    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
    1. (1)Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Postdoctoral Fellowship

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:
    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:
    1. NONE

  3. John D. Fisk, PhD,
  4. Scientific Advisory Boards:
    1. NONE

    Gifts:
    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:
    1. EMD Serono, Travel expenses and $1500 honourarium for workshop participation (June 2014).

    Editorial Boards:
    1. NONE

    Patents:
    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:
    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:
    1. NONE

    Consultancies:
    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:
    1. NONE

    Other Activities:
    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:
    1. (1)CIHR operating grant, ?Early and preclinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease using olfactory testing and Diffusion Tensor Imaging of olfactory bulb and substantia nigra.? 2012-2017, Co-investigator. (2)CIHR Team Grant, ?Defining the burden and managing the effects of psychiatric comorbidity in chronic immunoinflammatory disease.? 07/2014-06/2019,Co- investigator. (3)CIHR ? Emerging Team Grant: “Co-morbidity of brain disorders and other health problems” 2010?2015, Co- investigator. (4) CIHR operating grant, ?Epidemiology of cognitive dynamics in older adults? 2010 -2015, Co-investigator (5) CIHR catalyst grant (Exploring ADNI and other Neuroimaging Databases to benefit the early detection of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias),?Alternative FDG-PET relative standardized uptake value metrics for the assessment of early metabolic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.? 2014-2016, Co-investigator. (6) CIHR catalyst grant (Exploring ADNI and other Neuroimaging Databases to benefit the early detection of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias)?Pre- symptomatic biomarkers for Alzheimer?s disease: Structural and functional changes in white matter and brain connectivity.? 2014-2016, Co-investigator.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
    1. National MS Society operating Grant ?Prodromal Multiple Sclerosis: The PrOMS Study?. 2016 - 2018, Co- investigator.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:
    1. NONE

    License fee payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. Fatigue Impact Scale and Daily Fatigue Impact Scale, Licensing and Distribution agreement with MAPI Research Trust.

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:
    1. NONE

  5. Scott B. Patten, MD, PhD,
  6. Scientific Advisory Boards:
    1. NONE

    Gifts:
    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:
    1. speaker honoraria from Teva and Lundbeck

    Editorial Boards:
    1. (1) Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Editor-in-Chief, 2014-present. (2) Chronic Diseases in Canada, Editorial Advisory Board Member, 2009-present. (3) Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, Editorial Advisory Board Member, 2010-present.

    Patents:
    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:
    1. Epidemiology for Canadian Students. Brush Education, 2015.

    Employment, Commercial Entity:
    1. NONE

    Consultancies:
    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:
    1. NONE

    Other activities:
    1. honoraria for reviewing investigator-initiated grant applications submitted to Lundbeck and Pfizer

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:
    1. (1) Canadian Institutes for Health Research, MOP-89816, P.I. 2008-2011 and MOP-130415, P.I. 2013-2015. (2) Hotchkiss Brain Institute. Depression in the Community, 2013-2016. (4) I receive salary support from Alberta Innovates, Health Solutions as a Senior Health Scholar.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
    1. Alberta Collaborative Research Grants Initiative.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:
    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:
    1. NONE

  7. Helen Tremlett, PhD,
  8. Scientific Advisory Boards:
    1. All non-profit: ? National US surveillance system for MS. 2013-present. Invited by the US National MS Society to form an advisory group to enable the development of a national surveillance system capable of tracking the incidence and prevalence of MS. Monthly teleconferences; one face-to-face meeting: Atlanta, Georgia (March 2014) Status: Bipartisan legislation introduced to Congress - ?Advancing Research for Neurological Diseases Act, H.R. 292.?to guide the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in tracking the incidence and prevalence of neurological diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson?s disease [13th-Jan-2015; http://burgess.house.gov/blog/? postid=397459] ? Scientific Advisory Board member, ?A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis.?Investigator initiated study funded by the US National MS Society. PI: (Dr Ellen Mowry). Study location: USA: University of California, San Francisco; Johns Hopkins University; University of Pennsylvania; Washington University St. Louis, Virginia Mason Medical Center; Oregon Health & Science University; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; Cleveland Clinic; University of Vermont; Yale University (October 2012-2013) ? Multiple Sclerosis International Federation advisory group for the ?Atlas of MS? 2013 update. Website: http://www.atlasofms.org/ This international, interactive on-line resource is well used by the MS community and endorsed by the World health Organization (http://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/Atlas_MS_WEB.pdf ). Established in 2006, it needs updating, but requires input from the MS community. Personal role: identifying key experts in MS required to populate the website; completing Canada?s section on epidemiology & MS; generating interest in the website; presented results at international conference (Copenhagen Oct/ 2013). Sept 2012-Dec 2013

    Gifts:
    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:
    1. Helen Tremlett has received funding from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (Don Paty Career Development Award); is the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar Award and the Canada Research Chair for Neuroepidemiology and Multiple Sclerosis. She has received: research support from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the UK MS Trust; speaker honoraria and/or travel expenses to attend conferences from the Consortium of MS Centres (2013), the National MS Society (2012, 2014), Bayer Pharmaceuticals (2010), Teva Pharmaceuticals (2011), ECTRIMS (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015), UK MS Trust (2011), the Chesapeake Health Education Program, US Veterans Affairs (2012), Novartis Canada (2012), Biogen Idec (2014), American Academy of Neurology (2013, 2014, 2015). Unless otherwise stated, all speaker honoraria are either donated to an MS charity or to an unrestricted grant for use by her research group.

    Editorial Boards:
    1. NONE

    Patents:
    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:
    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:
    1. NONE

    Consultancies:
    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:
    1. NONE

    Other Activities:
    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
    1. Canadian Institutes of Health Research [#190898 (PI) and #MOP-82738 (PI) and MOP-119393 (PI) and MOP-106607 (PI)]; the US National Multiple Sclerosis Society (Operating grants: 2006-09; 2009-12; 2012-15; 2014-17), the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (2015-18; EGID #2624 (PI)) the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (Don Paty Career Development Award, 2004-2014), and a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar Award (2006- 2014); Canada Research Chair in Neuroepidemiology and Multiple Sclerosis

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:
    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:
    1. NONE

  9. Christina Wolfson, PhD,
  10. Scientific Advisory Boards:
    1. NONE

    Gifts:
    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:
    1. Novartis (speaker honorarium)

    Editorial Boards:
    1. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health. Member of Editorial Board. 2014 to present.

    Patents:
    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:
    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:
    1. NONE

    Consultancies:
    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:
    1. NONE

    Other Activities:
    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:
    1. Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Canada Foundation for Innovation. National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
    1. Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:
    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:
    1. NONE

  11. Sharon Warren, PhD,
  12. Scientific Advisory Boards:
    1. NONE

    Gifts:
    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:
    1. NONE

    Patents:
    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:
    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:
    1. NONE

    Consultancies:
    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:
    1. NONE

    Other Activities:
    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
    1. CIHR

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:
    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:
    1. Expert opinion paper on trauma and MS on behalf of legal firm

  13. Kirsten M. Fiest, PhD,
  14. Scientific Advisory Boards:
    1. NONE

    Gifts:
    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:
    1. NONE

    Patents:
    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:
    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:
    1. NONE

    Consultancies:
    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:
    1. NONE

    Other Activities:
    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:
    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:
    1. NONE

  15. Kyla A. McKay, BSc,
  16. Scientific Advisory Boards:
    1. NONE

    Gifts:
    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:
    1. NONE

    Patents:
    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:
    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:
    1. NONE

    Consultancies:
    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:
    1. NONE

    Other Activities:
    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
    1. MS Society of Canada Alistair M Fraser Masters Studentship Award

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:
    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:
    1. NONE

  17. Ruth Ann Marrie, MD, PhD;
  18. Scientific Advisory Boards:
    1. NONE

    Gifts:
    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:
    1. Neurology, Editorial Board Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Editorial Board

    Patents:
    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:
    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:
    1. NONE

    Consultancies:
    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:
    1. NONE

    Other Activities:
    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:
    1. Received support as site Principal Investigator for clinical trials from Sanofi-Aventis (2007-2014)

    Research Support, Government Entities:
    1. Received support as principal investigator from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (2010-2019), the Public Health Agency of Canada (2010-2013), and Research Manitoba (2014-2019).

    Research Support, Academic Entities:
    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
    1. Received support as principal investigator from Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (2009-2016) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (2013-2015), and as co-principal investigator from Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Foundation (2009-2015). Received support from Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (2004-2009, 2011-2014). Rx & D Health Research Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:
    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:
    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:
    1. NONE

  19. For the CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis (ECoMS)
    1. From the Department of Psychology (L.I.B.), St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish; Department of Psychiatry (L.I.B., J.D.F.), Department of Medicine (J.D.F.), Dalhousie University, Halifax; Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences (S.B.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (H.T., K.A.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Occupational Health, & Medicine (C.W.), McGill University, Montreal; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.W.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; and Departments of Internal Medicine (K.M.F., R.A.M.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
    1. Correspondence to Dr. Berrigan: lberriga{at}stfx.ca
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