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Abstract
Objective: To examine whether higher plasma urate concentrations are associated with a lower risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD) and whether there is a sex difference in the potential urate–PD relationship.
Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study based on 90,214 participants of 3 ongoing US cohorts. We identified 388 new PD cases (202 men and 186 women) since blood collection, which were then matched to 1,267 controls. PD cases were confirmed by medical record review. Conditional logistic regression estimated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), after adjustment for age, smoking, caffeine intake, plasma concentrations of cholesterol and ferritin, and other covariates. We also conducted a meta-analysis to combine our study with 3 previously published prospective studies on urate and PD risk.
Results: In the present nested case-control study, the multivariate-adjusted RRs of PD comparing extreme quartiles of urate were 0.63 (95% CI 0.35, 1.10; ptrend = 0.049) in men and 1.04 (95% CI 0.61, 1.78; ptrend = 0.44) in women (pheterogeneity = 0.001). In the meta-analysis, the pooled RRs comparing 2 extreme quartiles of urate were 0.63 (95% CI 0.42, 0.95) in men and 0.89 (95% CI 0.57, 1.40) in women.
Conclusion: We observed that men, but not women, with higher urate concentrations had a lower future risk of developing PD, suggesting that urate could be protective against PD risk or could slow disease progression during the preclinical stage of disease.
GLOSSARY
- 6-OHDA=
- 6-hydroxydopamine;
- BMI=
- body mass index;
- CI=
- confidence interval;
- CPS-IIN=
- Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition;
- HPFS=
- Health Professionals Follow-up Study;
- LDL=
- low-density lipoprotein;
- NHS=
- Nurses' Health Study;
- PD=
- Parkinson disease;
- RBD=
- REM sleep behavior disorder;
- RR=
- relative risk
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
Supplemental data at Neurology.org
- Received May 12, 2015.
- Accepted in final form October 15, 2015.
- © 2016 American Academy of Neurology
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