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September 27, 2016; 87 (13) Contemporary Issues

The contemporary spectrum of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis

A multicenter study

Andrew J. Solomon, Dennis N. Bourdette, Anne H. Cross, Angela Applebee, Philip M. Skidd, Diantha B. Howard, Rebecca I. Spain, Michelle H. Cameron, Edward Kim, Michele K. Mass, Vijayshree Yadav, Ruth H. Whitham, Erin E. Longbrake, Robert T. Naismith, Gregory F. Wu, Becky J. Parks, Dean M. Wingerchuk, Brian L. Rabin, Michel Toledano, W. Oliver Tobin, Orhun H. Kantarci, Jonathan L. Carter, B. Mark Keegan, Brian G. Weinshenker
First published August 31, 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003152
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Article Information

vol. 87 no. 13 1393-1399
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003152
PubMed: 
27581217
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received January 28, 2016
  • Accepted in final form June 9, 2016
  • First Published August 31, 2016.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2016 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Andrew J. Solomon, MD,
    2. Dennis N. Bourdette, MD,
    3. Anne H. Cross, MD,
    4. Angela Applebee, MD,
    5. Philip M. Skidd, MD,
    6. Diantha B. Howard, MA,
    7. Rebecca I. Spain, MD,
    8. Michelle H. Cameron, MD,
    9. Edward Kim, MD,
    10. Michele K. Mass, MD,
    11. Vijayshree Yadav, MD,
    12. Ruth H. Whitham, MD,
    13. Erin E. Longbrake, MD, PhD,
    14. Robert T. Naismith, MD,
    15. Gregory F. Wu, MD, PhD,
    16. Becky J. Parks, MD,
    17. Dean M. Wingerchuk, MD,
    18. Brian L. Rabin, MD,
    19. Michel Toledano, MD,
    20. W. Oliver Tobin, MBBCh, PhD,
    21. Orhun H. Kantarci, MD,
    22. Jonathan L. Carter, MD,
    23. B. Mark Keegan, MD and
    24. Brian G. Weinshenker, MD
  1. Andrew J. Solomon, MD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Teva, 2016

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. National Multiple Sclerosis Society

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Dennis N. Bourdette, MD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) National Multiple Sclerosis Society, funding for travel (2) Consortium of MS Centers (3) Paralyzed Veterans of America

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, Section Editor, 2008-present (I receive modest compensation for serving as Section Editor) (2) Neurology, Member Editorial Board, 2013-present

    Patents:

    1. (1) Use patent for the treatment of multiple sclerosis with cyclic peptide derivatives of cyclosporin (2) Patent pending for thyromimetic drugs for stimulating remyelination in multiple sclerosis.

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) National MS Society, PI, April 2015- present (2) National MS Society, PI, April 2015-present

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. (1) Use patent for the treatment of multiple sclerosis with cyclic peptide derivatives of cyclosporin, DebioPharma, 2014 and 2015

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Anne H. Cross, MD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Roche, member scientific advisory board 2010-2016

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Rockpointe - give CME talks regarding MS medications. -2016; 2) received honoraria for speaking in a video for WebMD 2014. (3) Academic CME, 115 Bloomingdale Ave, Ste 200, Wayne PA 19087- CME talk 2015-2016;

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Brain Pathology,Editorial Board, 2008-ongoing (2) Editorial Board, Journal of Neuroimmunology, Editorial Board, 1996- ongoing (3) 2013 appointment to Associate Editor of Annals Clinical Translational Neurology (new online journal) - ongoing

    Patents:

    1. One of four inventors of

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1)Biogen, ad hoc consultant, 2005-2016, (2) Sanofi- Aventis/ Genzyme, ad hoc consultant 2010 -2016 (3) Novartis, ad hoc consultant 2013-2016; (4) Teva Neuroscience, ad hoc consultant 2009-2016, (5) Gerson Lehrman Group Austin Tx, consultant 2009-2016, (6) Guidepoint Global, LLC, New York, New York,consultant 2009-2016, (7) AbbVie - ad hoc consultant 2016; (8) EMD Serono - Ad hoc consultant 2012-2016; (9) Genentech - ad hoc consultant 2011-2016

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. (1) ACTRIMS- talk in Fall 2014 at ECTRIMS-ACTRIMS meeting, Boston; (2) spoke at American Academy of Neurology annual meeting 2014, received $500 honorarium, free registration and one night hotel; (3) Projects in Knowledge, Livingston NJ 07039- fee for writing up 3 cases, with questions, etc.(4)Prime Education, Inc, fee for giving CME talk - 2016

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Roche site PI for study of ocrelizumab in primary progressive MS (ORATORIO), and back-up investigator on a study at our site of ocrelizumab for RRMS (OPERA), both studies began in 2011 and are now in open-label extensions; (2) Teva Neuroscience - site PI in study of Vitamin D added at low versus high dose to glatiramer acetate. Study is funded by the National MS Society USA, but Teva is contributing free-of-charge Copaxone to study participants. Ongoing.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1)National Institutes of Health NINDS 2PO1 NS059560- 01 ?Biomarkers and pathogenesis of MS: From Mouse to Human? Overall Principal Investigator, and PI of Project 3 and Core A. 2008-2013,and renewal 2014-2019.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation, PI, 2005-2016 (2) Conrad N Hilton Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Angela Applebee, MD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Travel expenses reimbursed by Genzyme and Novartis Pharmaceuticals.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Genzyme and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Speaker's Bureaus.

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Currently involved in clinical trials sponsored by Novartis, Acorda, Sanofi Aventis, Opexa Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, and Biogen.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Philip M. Skidd, MD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Diantha B. Howard, MA,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH/NLM, R01LM011364 (Chen/Melton), Co-investigator, 2012-2016 NIH/NIA, R01 AG047992 subcontract (Newhouse/Aisen), Sub-Contract Co-Investigator, 2015-2020 NIH/NCRR, P30 GM103532 (Irvin), Data analyst on Clinical Core, 2010-2015

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Rebecca I. Spain, MD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Department of Veterans Affairs, B7493-W, 2010-2015 Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, (UL1TR000128), 2010-2015

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. 1. VA Portland Health Care System 2. Oregon Health & Science University

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. National MS Society Conrad Hilton FOundation Medical Research Foundation of Oregon Race to Erase MS

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Michelle H. Cameron, MD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I have served on a scientific advisory board for Genzyme Corporation

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. I have received compensation for travel from the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers I have received speaker honoraria from the Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. I am an editorial advisory board member with no compensation for the Journal of Hand Therapy.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. I receive publishing royalties for the following books: 1. Physical Agents in Rehabilitation: From Research to Practice 4th edition; Elsevier, 2012 2. Physical Rehabilitation; Elsevier, 2009 3. Physical Rehabilitation for the Physical Therapist Assistant; Elsevier, 2010

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. I provide consultation to Re-walk

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. I have received research support from the Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. I have received research support from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Edward Kim, MD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I served on an advisory boards once for both Genzyme and Teva Pharmaceutical within the past 2 years.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1) National MS Society; Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of high dose vs low dose vitamin D.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Michele K. Mass, MD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Vijayshree Yadav, MD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Genentech

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Novartis Inc, Honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Consultant - Bayer's Advisory meeting Consultant - Biogen National Advisory Committee Consultant - Teva MS Medical Advisory board meeting

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Novartis Inc. Biogen Idec

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1)Biogen Idec (2)Genentech

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) Department of Veterans Affairs, 3427, Primary Investigator, 4

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) McDougall Foundation, Research grant funding (2) National MS Society (3) Nancy Davis Center Without Walls Foundation (4) Race to Erase MS Foundation (5) National Institute of Health

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Ruth H. Whitham, MD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I am a member of the data safety monitoring board for two clinical trials for treatment of neuromyelitis optica, sponsored by Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Erin E. Longbrake, MD, PhD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Genzyme, Teva

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Genzyme, honoraria for serving as speaker for patient events (2) Biogen, honoraria for serving as speaker/consultant

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. National Institute of Health UL1 TR000448, training grant

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. National MS Society, Sylvia Lawry Physician Fellowship

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Robert T. Naismith, MD,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1) Acorda Therapeutics, 2) Alkermes

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. 1) Acorda Therapeutics, speaker honoraria and travel (commercial) 2) Alkermes, consulting and travel (commercial) 3) Bayer Healthcare, consulting and speaker honoraria and travel (commercial) 4) Biogen IDEC, speaker honoraria and travel (commercial) 5) Genentech, speaker honoraria and travel (commercial) 6) Genzyme Corporation, speaker honoraria and travel (commercial) 7) EMD Serono, consulting honoraria and travel (commercial) 8) Mallinckrodt, consulting honoraria and travel (commercial) 9) Novartis, consulting honoraria and travel (commercial) 10) Pfizer, consulting honoraria and travel (commercial) 11) Teva, consulting honoraria and travel (commercial)

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Journal Watch 2010-present, Associate Editor

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. 1) Acorda Therapeutics (commercial) 2) Biogen Idec (commercial) 3) Genzyme Corporation (commercial)

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. National MS Society National Institutes of Health

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Gregory F. Wu, MD, PhD,
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1. Commercial - Biogen

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Travel - ACTRIMS2016

    Editorial Boards:

    1. editorial board of N2 - no compensation.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Commercial - Pfizer speaker

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. PI, NIH R01NS083678

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Co-PI, Hope Center Pilot Research Grant

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. Expert Witness for defendant (Reddy Labs) - Budd Larner (2016)

  16. Becky J. Parks, MD,
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. 1) Bayer Healthcare, meeting, 2008, 2009 2) Biogen Idec, consultant meetings or Speaker meetings, 2008-2010 3) EMD Serono, travel expenses related to speaking, 2009 - 2010 4) Teva Neuroscience, Consultant and Speaker meetings, 2008 - 2010

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. 1) Bayer Healthcare, speaking to MD groups, 2008, 2009 2) Biogen Idec, Speaking to MD and patient groups, 2008- 2010 3) EMD Serono, Speaking to MD and patient groups, 2009 - 2010 4) Teva Neuroscience, Speaking to MD and patient groups, 2008 - 2010

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. 1) Bayer Healthcare, 2008, 2009 2) Biogen Idec, 2008-2010 3) EMD Serono, 2009 - 2010 4) Teva Neuroscience, 2008 - 2010

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1) Actelion, Site PI, 2010 2) Allergan, Sub-Investigator, 2008-2010 3) Biogen Idec, Site PI, 2010 4) Teva Neuroscience, Site PI, 2008 5) BioMS, Site PI, 2008-2009 6) Novartis, Site PI, 2009-2010

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. All of our clinical trials take place in a space provided via an NIH grant and I have to attach the following statement: Investigators that receive any support (i.e. use of ICTS core or service, pilot funding) from any ICTS resource should cite the Washington University ICTS/CTSA grant in all publications and projects. NIH requires the following acknowledgement:

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  17. Dean M. Wingerchuk, MD,
    18. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Adjudication committee for therapeutic trial, MedImmune

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) The Neurologist, Co-Editor-in-Chief, 2014-present, (2) Current Medical Research and Opinion, Editorial Advisory Board member, 2006-present, (3) Drugs in Context, Editorial Advisory Board Member, 2012-present, (4) editorial board member, Journal of Clinical Apheresis

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1)Alexion, (2) MedImmune

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Alexion,(2) TerumoBCT

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  18. Brian L. Rabin, MD,
    19. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  19. Michel Toledano, MD,
    20. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  20. W. Oliver Tobin, MBBCh, PhD,
    21. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  21. Orhun H. Kantarci, MD,
    22. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. 1) Istanbul MS Days, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, speaker honoraria payment to Mayo Clinic. No personal compensation. 2) Invited professor program, Biogen- Boston, speaker honoraria payment to Mayo Clinic. No personal compensation

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. Grant review for The National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Already listed in the paper but reported again: Dr. Orhun Kantarci receives research support from the European Regional Development Fund (FNUSAICRC CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0123), the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, and has given a scientific presentation at a meeting supported by Teva Pharmaceuticals but has received no personal fees or personal compensation for this activity (all compensation for consulting activities paid directly to Mayo Clinic) nor has spoken about the specific medications involving this company. Dr.Kejal Kantarci serves on the data safety monitoring board of Takeda Global Research and Development Center, Inc, and the data monitoring boards of Pfizer Inc and Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy and is funded by the NIH (R01 AG040042 [PI], R21 NS066147 [PI], P50 AG44170/Project 2 [PI], P50 AG16574/Project 1 [PI], R01 AG11378[Co-I], U19 AG10483[Co-I] U01 AG042791[Co-I]) and Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics (PO03590201[PI])

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Dr.Kejal Kantarci (wife) serves on the data safety monitoring board of Takeda Global Research and Development Center, Inc, and the data monitoring boards of Pfizer Inc and Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy and is funded by the NIH (R01 AG040042 [PI], R21 NS066147 [PI], P50 AG44170/Project 2 [PI], P50 AG16574/Project 1 [PI], R01 AG11378[Co-I], U19 AG10483[Co-I] U01 AG042791[Co-I]) and Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics (PO03590201[PI])

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Dr.Kejal Kantarci (wife) serves on the data safety monitoring board of Takeda Global Research and Development Center, Inc, and the data monitoring boards of Pfizer Inc and Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy and is funded by the NIH (R01 AG040042 [PI], R21 NS066147 [PI], P50 AG44170/Project 2 [PI], P50 AG16574/Project 1 [PI], R01 AG11378[Co-I], U19 AG10483[Co-I] U01 AG042791[Co-I]) and Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics (PO03590201[PI])

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 2006-2009 Multiple Sclerosis Society for support in multiple sclerosis research unrelated to this publication; 2008-2009 Mayo Foundation CR20 award for support in multiple sclerosis research unrelated to this publication; 2009-2011 Hilton Foundation support in multiple sclerosis research unrelated to this publication

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  22. Jonathan L. Carter, MD,
    23. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1)Data safety monitoring boards for a MS clinical trial sponsored by EMD-Serono and PPD, Inc.; and a migraine clinical trial sponsored by Alder Pharmaceuticals Inc.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. Personal compensation for preparing a MS drug monograph for CVS/Omnicare and the University of the Sciences, and for serving as course co-director for a Neurology and Psychiatry CME meeting sponsored by Global Academy for Medical Education LLC and the University of Louisville.

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Research support to Mayo Clinic for MS clinical trials: (1)Genzyme/Sanofi, Inc. (2)Roche, Ltd.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  23. B. Mark Keegan, MD and
    24. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1)eMedicine Chief Editor 2009-2015 (2)Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 2011-present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Common Pitfalls in Multiple Sclerosis and CNS Demyelinating Diseases: Case-Based Learning Cambridge University Press 2016

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Novartis, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Bionest

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Terumo BCT

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  24. Brian G. Weinshenker, MD
    25. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Novartis data safety monitoring board member (2) Biogen Idec data safety monitoring board member (3) Mitsubishi Pharmaceuticals data safety monitoring board member

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 1. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, editorial board member, 2006-present; no compensation 2. Turkish Journal of Neurology, editorial board member, 2005-present; no compensation 3. Neurology, editorial board member, 2014-present; no compensation

    Patents:

    1. 1) NMO-IgG for diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica; application 20050112116; patent issued and technology licensed to R.S.R. Ltd. and Oxford University

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Chugai Pharmaceuticals

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. (1)Medimmune Pharmaceuticals, Adjudication Committee Member

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation, sponsor of research in NMO, 10/2008-09/2011

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NMO-IgG for diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica; patent issued and technology licensed to R.S.R. Ltd. and to Oxford University

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Departments of Neurological Sciences (A.J.S., A.A.) and Ophthalmology (P.M.S.), and Center for Clinical and Translational Science (D.B.H.), University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (D.N.B., R.I.S., M.H.C., E.K., M.K.M., V.Y., R.H.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (A.H.C., E.E.L., R.T.N., G.F.W., B.J.P.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (D.M.W., B.L.R., J.L.C.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ; and Department of Neurology (M.T., W.O.T., O.H.K., B.M.K., B.G.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
  1. Correspondence to Dr. Solomon: andrew.solomon{at}uvm.edu
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