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January 03, 2017; 88 (1) Article

Neonatal vitamin D status and risk of multiple sclerosis

A population-based case-control study

Nete Munk Nielsen, Kassandra L. Munger, Nils Koch-Henriksen, David M. Hougaard, Melinda Magyari, Kristian T. Jørgensen, Marika Lundqvist, Jacob Simonsen, Tine Jess, Arieh Cohen, Egon Stenager, Alberto Ascherio
First published November 30, 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003454
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Article Information

vol. 88 no. 1 44-51
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003454
PubMed: 
27903815
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received April 1, 2016
  • Accepted in final form August 24, 2016
  • First Published November 30, 2016.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2016 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Nete Munk Nielsen, MD, MSc, PhD*,
    2. Kassandra L. Munger, MSc, ScD*,
    3. Nils Koch-Henriksen, MD, DMSc,
    4. David M. Hougaard, MD, DMSc,
    5. Melinda Magyari, MD, PhD,
    6. Kristian T. Jørgensen, MSc, PhD,
    7. Marika Lundqvist, MSc,
    8. Jacob Simonsen, MSc, PhD,
    9. Tine Jess, MD, DMSc,
    10. Arieh Cohen, MSc, PhD,
    11. Egon Stenager, MD, DMSc‡ and
    12. Alberto Ascherio, MD, DrPH‡
  1. Nete Munk Nielsen, MD, MSc, PhD*,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. The study has been supported by the Danish Society of Multiple Sclerosis and by the Aase & Ejnar Danielsen's Foundation.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Kassandra L. Munger, MSc, ScD*,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. 1) Travel/honorarium. Sponsor: Croatian International Conference on Multiple Sclerosis and Related Autoimmune Disorders. Invited Speaker, Zagreb, Croatia March 5-7, 2015 2) Travel/honorarium. Sponsor: American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics. Invited Speaker, Bethesda MD March 19, 2016

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 1) Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Editorial Board member, 2013-present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH-NINDS, 1 R01 NS046635, Co-investigator, 6/1/08-present

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1) National Multiple Sclerosis Society

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Nils Koch-Henriksen, MD, DMSc,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. TEVA advisory councils

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Nils Koch-Henriksen has received honoraria for lecturing and participation in advisory councils, travel expenses for attending congresses and meetings, and financial support for monitoring the Danish MS Treatment Register from Bayer-Schering, Merck-Serono, BiogenIdec, and Sanofi-Avensis.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (since establishment)

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Association.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. David M. Hougaard, MD, DMSc,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Melinda Magyari, MD, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Kristian T. Jørgensen, MSc, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Employed by H. Lundbeck A/S as epidemiology research manager since July 2014. However, my current employment at a commercial entity is not related to the manuscript.

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Marika Lundqvist, MSc,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Jacob Simonsen, MSc, PhD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Tine Jess, MD, DMSc,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Novo Nordisk Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Arieh Cohen, MSc, PhD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. 1) Quantitative analysis of hexose-monophosphates from biological samples. Pat no 9410960 2) An improved method for sample preparation when using galactose-1-phosphate as a biomarker for glacatosemia.

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. I do consultant for the Danish and Swedish accreditation authorities (DANAK and SWEDAC). The work comprises of lab assessments. (1)DANAK, non-profit entity (2)SWEDAC, non-profit entity

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Egon Stenager, MD, DMSc‡ and
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Alberto Ascherio, MD, DrPH‡
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Michael J Fox Foundation 2005-present Bayer Healthcare 2014

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Roche, speaker honorarium, 2012

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 1) Annals of Neurology, Associate Editor 2) Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Associate Editor 3) Journal of Parkinson Disease, Associate Editor

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH R01 NS061858; 2009-2014; Role: PI NIH R01 NS071082; 2012-2014; Role: PI NIH R01 NS046635; 2008-2015; Role: PI NIH R01 ES019188; 2010-2015; Role: Co-Investigator NIH R01 NS072494; 2011-2014; Role: Co-Investigator NIH R01 NS073633; 2011-present; Role: PI DoD W81XWH-14-1-0131; 2014-present; Role: PI NIH R01 NS045893; 2013-present; Role: PI NIH 1U01NS-90259; 2015-present; Role: Co-Investigator NIH R01 NS089619-01A1; 2015-present; Role: PI NIH R01 NS097723; 2016-present; Role: Co-Investigator

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. ALS Therapy Alliance - No award number; 2012-2014; Role: PI NMSS RG4875A/1; 2013-2015; Role: PI NMSS RG5146-A-1; 2014-present; Role: Co-Investigator NMSS RG1501-03068; 2015-present; Role: Co-Investigator

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Epidemiology Research (N.M.N., K.T.J., J.S., T.J.) and the Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders (D.M.H., M.L., A.C.), Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Nutrition (K.L.M., A.A.) and Epidemiology (A.A.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (N.K.-H., M.M., E.S.), Danish Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), and Danish Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre (M.M.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (E.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, and National Institute of Public Health (E.S.), University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen; Department of Neurology (E.S.), Multiple Sclerosis Clinic of Southern Jutland (Sønderborg, Vejle, Esbjerg), Sønderborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Institute (N.K.-H.), University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; and Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
  1. Correspondence to Dr. Nielsen: NMN{at}ssi.dk

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