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April 04, 2017; 88 (14) NeuroImages

A physical sign of stroke sequel on the skeleton of Leonardo da Vinci?

Philippe Charlier, Saudamini Deo
First published April 3, 2017, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003799
Philippe Charlier
From UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ & EA 4569 Paris-Descartes) (P.C., S.D.), Montigny-Le-Bretonneux; and CASH & IPES (P.C.), Nanterre, France.
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Saudamini Deo
From UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ & EA 4569 Paris-Descartes) (P.C., S.D.), Montigny-Le-Bretonneux; and CASH & IPES (P.C.), Nanterre, France.
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A physical sign of stroke sequel on the skeleton of Leonardo da Vinci?
Philippe Charlier, Saudamini Deo
Neurology Apr 2017, 88 (14) 1381-1382; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003799

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Scholars generally state that Leonardo da Vinci died in 1519 at age 67 of recurrent stroke. One finding may confirm this medical hypothesis: in 1863, the grave of Leonardo was discovered in the Saint-Florentin chapel of Amboise (France), with the skeleton of an old man, tiny fragments of white hair, 8 remaining teeth, and the upper right arm blocked over the skull1 (figure).

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Figure General view of the sarcophagus of Leonardo da Vinci, with the skeleton in situ, and details of the skull and associated archaeological artifacts

Engraving from L'Artiste (Paris), March 1, 1864, from a drawing by Frans Verhas.

The main explication for this atypical position is the presence of a local or regional handicap. Stroke is a possible cause of such anomaly, causing muscular retraction or shoulder dislocation (whose reduction may be difficult or impossible, even postmortem).2 A direct examination of the skeleton could complete this anthropologic analysis.

Footnotes

  • Author contributions: Dr. Charlier: study supervision, main writing process, analysis and interpretation. S. Deo: critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.

  • Study funding: No targeted funding reported.

  • Disclosure: The authors report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures.

  • © 2017 American Academy of Neurology

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Charlier P
    1. Prevêt A
    . La tombe de Léonard à Amboise. In: Charlier P, ed. Actes du 3ème Colloque International de Pathographie. Paris: De Boccard; 2009.
  2. 2.↵
    1. Griffin C
    . Management of the hemiplegic shoulder complex. Top Stroke Rehabil 2014;21:316–318.
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