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April 11, 2017; 88 (15) Article

Leptomeningeal gadolinium enhancement across the spectrum of chronic neuroinflammatory diseases

Martina Absinta, Irene C.M. Cortese, Luisa Vuolo, Govind Nair, Manori P. de Alwis, Joan Ohayon, Alessandro Meani, Vittorio Martinelli, Roberta Scotti, Andrea Falini, Bryan R. Smith, Avindra Nath, Steven Jacobson, Massimo Filippi, Daniel S. Reich
First published March 10, 2017, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003820
Martina Absinta
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Irene C.M. Cortese
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Luisa Vuolo
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Govind Nair
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Manori P. de Alwis
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Joan Ohayon
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Alessandro Meani
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Vittorio Martinelli
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Roberta Scotti
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Andrea Falini
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Bryan R. Smith
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Avindra Nath
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Steven Jacobson
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Massimo Filippi
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Daniel S. Reich
From the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology (M.A., I.C.M.C., L.V., G.N., M.P.d.A., J.O., B.R.S., A.N., S.J., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and the Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A., A.M., M.F.), Department of Neurology (V.M.), and Department of Neuroradiology (R.S., A.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Full PDF
Citation
Leptomeningeal gadolinium enhancement across the spectrum of chronic neuroinflammatory diseases
Martina Absinta, Irene C.M. Cortese, Luisa Vuolo, Govind Nair, Manori P. de Alwis, Joan Ohayon, Alessandro Meani, Vittorio Martinelli, Roberta Scotti, Andrea Falini, Bryan R. Smith, Avindra Nath, Steven Jacobson, Massimo Filippi, Daniel S. Reich
Neurology Apr 2017, 88 (15) 1439-1444; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003820

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