Abstract
Objective: To estimate the current and expected epidemiology of TD in the United States, stratified by level of severity.
Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements, which can affect any part of the body and be debilitating. TD results from exposure to dopamine receptor antagonists, particularly typical and atypical antipsychotics. Approximately 20–50% of patients receiving antipsychotics develop TD. Despite its fairly widespread prevalence, there is scant literature reporting the epidemiology of TD.
Design/Methods: A model was created to estimate the epidemiology of TD. TD patients were stratified by level of severity (mild, moderate, severe), and were modeled to receive potential drug treatment, both immediately at diagnosis and after disease progression. Patients were modeled to be impacted by events such as withdrawal of TD symptoms, cessation of treatment, disease progression and death. Inputs for the model were sourced from published literature and were obtained from a primary research exercise centered on TD treating physicians.
Results: The model estimates TD incidence (number of newly diagnosed cases) in 2016 to be 26,000 patients (90% CI: 21,000–30,000), translating to an incidence rate of 10.6 per 100,000 US adults. The model then forecasts a gradual increase to 27,000 in 2025, mainly driven by an anticipated increase in the number of patients treated with antipsychotics. Prevalence (number of patients with diagnosed TD) in 2016 was estimated to be 573,000 patients (90% CI: 471,000–674,000, 234 per 100,000 US adults); this translates to 9% of the general antipsychotic user population. It is estimated that patients with severe TD consisted of approximately 32% of the prevalence pool in 2016.
Conclusions: This study, which is one of few to attempt a comprehensive modeling based assessment on the epidemiology of TD in the US, confirms a significant percentage of antipsychotics users to be chronically affected.
Study Supported by:
This study was funded by Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. Petach Tikva, Israel
Disclosure: Dr. Dhir has received personal compensation for activities with SmartAnalyst, Inc. as an employee. Dr. Schilling has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Pharmaceuticals as an employee. Dr. Abler has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Pharmaceuticals as an employee. Dr. Potluri has received personal compensation for activities with SmartAnalyst Inc. as en employee. Dr. Carroll has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Pharmaceuticals as an employee.
Letters: Rapid online correspondence
REQUIREMENTS
If you are uploading a letter concerning an article:
You must have updated your disclosures within six months: http://submit.neurology.org
Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment.
If you are responding to a comment that was written about an article you originally authored:
You (and co-authors) do not need to fill out forms or check disclosures as author forms are still valid
and apply to letter.
Submission specifications:
- Submissions must be < 200 words with < 5 references. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
- Submissions should not have more than 5 authors. (Exception: original author replies can include all original authors of the article)
- Submit only on articles published within 6 months of issue date.
- Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
- Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.
You May Also be Interested in
Dr. Jessica Ailani and Dr. Zubair Ahmed