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April 25, 2017; 88 (17) Special Article

Practice guideline summary: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy incidence rates and risk factors

Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society

Cynthia Harden, Torbjörn Tomson, David Gloss, Jeffrey Buchhalter, J. Helen Cross, Elizabeth Donner, Jacqueline A. French, Anthony Gil-Nagel, Dale C. Hesdorffer, W. Henry Smithson, Mark C. Spitz, Thaddeus S. Walczak, Josemir W. Sander, Philippe Ryvlin
First published April 24, 2017, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003685
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Article Information

vol. 88 no. 17 1674-1680
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003685
PubMed: 
28438841
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received June 24, 2016
  • Accepted in final form November 2, 2016
  • First Published April 24, 2017.
Copyright & Usage: 
© 2017 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Cynthia Harden, MD,
    2. Torbjörn Tomson, MD, PhD,
    3. David Gloss, MD, MPH&TM,
    4. Jeffrey Buchhalter, MD, PhD,
    5. J. Helen Cross, MB, ChB, PhD,
    6. Elizabeth Donner, MD,
    7. Jacqueline A. French, MD,
    8. Anthony Gil-Nagel, MD, PhD,
    9. Dale C. Hesdorffer, PhD,
    10. W. Henry Smithson, MB, ChB, MD,
    11. Mark C. Spitz, MD,
    12. Thaddeus S. Walczak, MD,
    13. Josemir W. Sander, MD, PhD, FRCP and
    14. Philippe Ryvlin, MD, PhD
  1. Cynthia Harden, MD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Torbjörn Tomson, MD, PhD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. UCB Pharma and Eisai, honorarium to my department

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. (1) UCB, speaker honorarium (paid to department); (2) Eisai, Inc., speaker honorarium (paid to department)

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Epilepsia, Associate Editor, 2008-2013; (2) Epilepsy Research, Editorial Board, 2007-2015; (3) Epileptic Disorders, Associate Editor, 2013-present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. As chair of the central project commission of EURAP, an international antiepileptic drugs and pregnancy registry, I have on behalf of the project received research grants from Bial, Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and UCB annually the past two years GlaxoSmithKline research support for case-control study of SUDEP

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) ALF (Stockholm County Council) 2009-2016

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) CURE, 2010, 2015

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. David Gloss, MD, MPH&TM,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Neurology, LOE Review Team

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. (1) Neurology for the Specialty Boards, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. (1) Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV 25311

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) I am an Evidence-based medicine consultant for the American Academy of Neurology

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Jeffrey Buchhalter, MD, PhD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Observational Safety Monitoring Board- NIH, Benign Epilepsy of Childhood with Central Temporal Spikes DSMB- NINDS, Established Status Epilepticus Therapy Trial Charlie Foundation Scientific Advisory Board IDIC 15 Scientific Advisory Board

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. AAN, webinar series,honoraria AAN, course director, honoraria AAN, Medical Economics & Management Committee AAN, Practice Committee AAN, Child Neurology Quality Measures Work Group Eisai Ltd, honorarium for webinar series, speaking, consulting Lundbeck, honorarium for speaking, consulting Upsher-Smith Labs, honorarium for consulting

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Clinical Neurology News, editorial advisory board, 2010-15

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Lundbeck Inc., Eisai Ltd., UCB, and Upsher-Smith

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Alberta Health Services- CMO Quality Improvement grant, principle investigator, 1 year

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. J. Helen Cross, MB, ChB, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I have sat on scientific advisory boards for Eisai,GSK Zogenix, Sanofi, Shire, Takeda and UCB for which remuneration has been paid to my department

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. J Helen Cross is on the Editorial Board for Epilepsy Research

    Patents:

    1. I am part of a submission for patent for Betashot (Vitaflo); a C10 compund developed for nutritional purposes

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. She works as Clinical Advisor to the National Children?s Epilepsy Surgery Service

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Participating in clinical trials for GW Pharma, Zogenix, Vitaflo, for which remuneration is made to my department

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1. National Institute for Health and Research Senior Investigator 2016-2020 2. Research grant funding from National Institute for Health and Research 3. European Union FP7

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Holds an endowed Chair through the University College, London

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1. Action Medical Research 2. SPARKS 3. Charles Wolfson Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Elizabeth Donner, MD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Biocodex, honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editorial Board, Epilepsia Open

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Ontario Brain Institute, EpLink Grant PI, 2013-2018

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. CURE, 2009 Dravet Canada, 2016

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Jacqueline A. French, MD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. On the scientific advisory board or consultant for Epilepsy Foundation, Acorda, Alexza, Anavex, BioPharm Solutions, Concert, Eisai, Georgia Regents University, GW Pharma, Marathon, Marinus, Neurelis, Novartis, Pfizer, Pfizer-Neusentis, Pronutria, Roivant, Sage, SciFluor, SK Life Sciences, Takeda, UCB Inc., Ultragenyx, Upsher Smith, Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Zynerba Epilepsy Study Consortium,

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Paid travel to present findings at scientific meetings, present at investigators meetings attend advisory boards or give lectures from Acorda, Alexza, Biogen, UCB, Eisai, Inc., Johnson and Johnson, Glaxo Smith-Kline, Marinus, SK Corporation, Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc., Novartis, Pfizer Inc, LCGH, Takeda, Supernus,Sage Epilepsy Foundation, Zynerba,Zogenix

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 2) Lancet Neurology,Editorial Board, 2 years 3) Neurology Today, Editorial board 4) Epilepsy Currents, Editorial Board

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. President, Epilepsy Study Consortium, that recieves money from multiple pharmaceutical companies. I consult for a number of companies, on behalf of the Epilepsy Study consortium. A fixed 30% of my NYU salary is paid by the study consortium, and some of this money may come from consulting fees. Companies involved include Acorda,Adamas Alexza, Anavex, BioPharm Solutions, Biogen, Concert, Eisai, Georgia Regents University, GW Pharma,Glaxo Smith-Kline, Marathon, Marinus, Neurelis, Novartis, Pfizer, Pfizer-Neusentis, Pronutria, Roivant, Sage, SciFluor, SK Life Sciences, Takeda, UCB Inc., Ultragenyx, Upsher Smith, Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Zynerba, Zogenix

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1)Alexza 2) Adamas 3)Acorda 4)LCGH 5) Eisai Medical Research 6)Lundbeck 7) Pfizer 8) SK life sciences 9) Sunovion 10) UCB 11 ) Upsher-Smith

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH 1 R01 NS053998-01A1, Coinvestigator, 2007-2011

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1) Epilepsy Foundation 2) Epilepsy Research Foundation 3) Epilepsy Study Consortium

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Anthony Gil-Nagel, MD, PhD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Bial (2) Eisai (3) UCB Pharma

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. (1) Bial (2) Eisai (3) UCB Pharma

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Epileptic Disorders (2) Seizure (3) Neurolog?a (4) Frontiers in Neurology

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Handbook of Neurological Therapy, Oxford University Press, Published in 2015

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Bial (2) Eisai (3) UCB Pharma

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. (1) Bial (2) Eisai (3) UCB Pharma

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain. Video-EEG monitoring 40% of time since 1998

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Bial

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Fundaci?n INCE, Madrid, Spain (2) Fundaci?n GMP

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Dale C. Hesdorffer, PhD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Commercial entity: Acorda, Upsher Smith, Cyberonics (2) Wiley Epilepsia Associate Editor

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Acorda, Upsher Smith: Covered travel and hotel for Advisory Board meetings International League Against Epilepsy: Funding to attend a meeting

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Associate Editor, Epilepsia 2013-present Editorial Board, Epilepsy and Behavior 2011-present;

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Mount Sinai Medical Center, Injury prevention center grant, paid advisor

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1. CDC, U01 DP006089 PI of Columbia subcontract 2015-2018 2. NINDS, NS04320, Co-I (PI of Columbia subcontract), 2003- 2018; 3. NINDS, NS078419, Co-I, 2012-2015 4. NINDS, NS078419, Co-I 2012-2016 5. PCORI, PPRN-1306-045777, Co-PI 2014-2018 6. FACES, PI of subcontract 2015-2016 7. The Epilepsy Study Consortium. PI of subcontract 2013- 2018

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. W. Henry Smithson, MB, ChB, MD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. SUDEP Action non-profit entity

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. ABC of Epilepsy Wiley pubs 2012

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Mark C. Spitz, MD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Thaddeus S. Walczak, MD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. SUDEP adjudication committee Neuropace. Reviewed all deaths occurring during followup of patients entered in pivotal studies of Neuropace RNS device to determine whether the cases met criteria for SUDEP or not. $1000 per year given to practice in first several years of participation; I am not sure whether this continued after I joined a new practice in 2013.

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Josemir W. Sander, MD, PhD, FRCP and
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1) UCB Pharma - membership of Advisory Board 2) Eisai - membership of Advisory Board

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 1) Lancet Neurology - member of Editorial Board

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. 1) UCB Pharma - membership of Speakers' Bureau 2) Teva - membership of Speakers' Bureau 3) Lundbeck - membership of Speakers' Bureau

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1) UCB Pharma - research grant to my department 2) GSK - research grant to my department 3) Eisai - research grant to my department

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1) Nationaal Epilepsie Fonds Nederland Projectnumber: 10-07. PI, 2010 ? 2013

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Philippe Ryvlin, MD, PhD
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. UCB pharma: Funding for travel and speaker honoraria Eisai: Funding for travel and speaker honoraria Cyberonics: Funding for travel and speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Neurology (C.H.), Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.T.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.G.), CAMC Physicians, Charleston, WV; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.), Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), and Institute of Neurology (J.W.S.), University College London; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (J.H.C.), London, UK; Department of Paediatrics (E.D.), Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York; Department of Neurology (A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Department of Epidemiology (D.C.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of General Practice (W.H.S.), University College Cork, Ireland; Anschutz Outpatient Pavilion (M.C.S.), University of Colorado Health, Aurora; Neurology Clinic (T.S.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.S.), Heemstede, the Netherlands; and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  1. Correspondence to American Academy of Neurology: guidelines{at}aan.com
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