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January 17, 2017; 88 (3) Contemporary Issues

Ethical clinical translation of stem cell interventions for neurologic disease

David J. Cote, Annelien L. Bredenoord, Timothy R. Smith, Mario Ammirati, Jannick Brennum, Ivar Mendez, Ahmed S. Ammar, Naci Balak, Gene Bolles, Ignatius Ngene Esene, Tiit Mathiesen, Marike L. Broekman
First published December 7, 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003506
David J. Cote
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Annelien L. Bredenoord
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Timothy R. Smith
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Mario Ammirati
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Jannick Brennum
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Ivar Mendez
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Ahmed S. Ammar
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Naci Balak
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Gene Bolles
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Ignatius Ngene Esene
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Tiit Mathiesen
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Marike L. Broekman
From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Citation
Ethical clinical translation of stem cell interventions for neurologic disease
David J. Cote, Annelien L. Bredenoord, Timothy R. Smith, Mario Ammirati, Jannick Brennum, Ivar Mendez, Ahmed S. Ammar, Naci Balak, Gene Bolles, Ignatius Ngene Esene, Tiit Mathiesen, Marike L. Broekman
Neurology Jan 2017, 88 (3) 322-328; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003506

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Abstract

The application of stem cell transplants in clinical practice has increased in frequency in recent years. Many of the stem cell transplants in neurologic diseases, including stroke, Parkinson disease, spinal cord injury, and demyelinating diseases, are unproven—they have not been tested in prospective, controlled clinical trials and have not become accepted therapies. Stem cell transplant procedures currently being carried out have therapeutic aims, but are frequently experimental and unregulated, and could potentially put patients at risk. In some cases, patients undergoing such operations are not included in a clinical trial, and do not provide genuinely informed consent. For these reasons and others, some current stem cell interventions for neurologic diseases are ethically dubious and could jeopardize progress in the field. We provide discussion points for the evaluation of new stem cell interventions for neurologic disease, based primarily on the new Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation released by the International Society for Stem Cell Research in May 2016. Important considerations in the ethical translation of stem cells to clinical practice include regulatory oversight, conflicts of interest, data sharing, the nature of investigation (e.g., within vs outside of a clinical trial), informed consent, risk-benefit ratios, the therapeutic misconception, and patient vulnerability. To help guide the translation of stem cells from the laboratory into the neurosurgical clinic in an ethically sound manner, we present an ethical discussion of these major issues at stake in the field of stem cell clinical research for neurologic disease.

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FDA=
Food and Drug Administration;
IRB=
institutional review board

Footnotes

  • Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

  • Received July 26, 2016.
  • Accepted in final form October 11, 2016.
  • © 2016 American Academy of Neurology
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