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January 31, 2017; 88 (5) ArticleOpen Access

Mediterranean-type diet and brain structural change from 73 to 76 years in a Scottish cohort

Michelle Luciano, Janie Corley, Simon R. Cox, Maria C. Valdés Hernández, Leone C.A. Craig, David Alexander Dickie, Sherif Karama, Geraldine M. McNeill, Mark E. Bastin, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Ian J. Deary
First published January 4, 2017, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003559
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Article Information

vol. 88 no. 5 449-455
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003559
PubMed: 
28053008
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received April 15, 2016
  • Accepted in final form October 27, 2016
  • First Published January 4, 2017.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2017 American Academy of Neurology This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence 4.0 (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Author Disclosures

    1. Michelle Luciano, PhD,
    2. Janie Corley, PhD,
    3. Simon R. Cox, PhD,
    4. Maria C. Valdés Hernández, PhD,
    5. Leone C.A. Craig, PhD,
    6. David Alexander Dickie, PhD,
    7. Sherif Karama, MD, PhD,
    8. Geraldine M. McNeill, PhD,
    9. Mark E. Bastin, PhD,
    10. Joanna M. Wardlaw, MD, FRCP, FRCR and
    11. Ian J. Deary, PhD
  1. Michelle Luciano, PhD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Janie Corley, PhD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Simon R. Cox, PhD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Maria C. Valdés Hernández, PhD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. I am a member of the World Journal of Radiology Editorial Board (ID:02666832) from 01.01.2014 until 31.12.2017

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Row Fogo Charitable Trust

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Leone C.A. Craig, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) 2011-present.Funding for PhD student: Seafish Industry Authority/Interface food and drink network 2012-2016.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. David Alexander Dickie, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. DD Analytics Cubed Limited, Director, 1.5 years

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Royal Society Edinburgh, Exchange Travel Award.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Sherif Karama, MD, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Fonds de Recherche Sant? Qu?bec

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Intelligence

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Geraldine M. McNeill, PhD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. My husband Paul Haggarty serves on the UK Scientific Advisory Council on Nutrition, a not-or-profit body.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. My husband Paul Haggarty works asc a researcher in an institute funded largely by the Scottish Government

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. My husband Paul Haggarty has received funding for research from the UK Economic and Social Research Council

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Mark E. Bastin, PhD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Joanna M. Wardlaw, MD, FRCP, FRCR and
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. IXICO consultancy fee

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. GSK consultancy fee (<?2000, paid to my University)

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Medical Research Council. ?Centre in Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology?, ?3,413,977 FEC over five years from August 2008. Renewed Sept 2013 ? Aug 2018. I Deary (Centre head), R Logie, J Seckl, J McCulloch, D Porteous, J Wardlaw (Imaging lead). Medical Research Council. ?Brain white matter imaging and cognitive ageing in the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936:II.? ?764,304, 1st April 2011-31st Mar 2015. Prof IJ Deary (PI), Prof JM Wardlaw, Dr M Bastin, Prof J Starr. EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research. ?Realising the potential of cohort studies to determine the vascular contribution to neurodegeneration?, ?47,416, 1st Oct 2014 to 31st Mar 2015. J Wardlaw, Medical Research Council. ?Brain white matter imaging and cognitive ageing in the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936:III? ?1,300,000 (FEC), 31st Mar 2015 to 28th Feb 2019. IJ Deary (PI), JM Wardlaw, J Starr, M Bastin. Technology Strategy Board. ?Quantification of vascular disease burden to stratify dementia for diagnosis and care management?, ?1,048,661 (?306,946 to Edinburgh), 1st Apr 2015 to 31st Mar 2017. R Wolz (Ixico Technologies Ltd.), D Rueckert, J Wardlaw. EU H2020 SVDs@Target ?6million multicollaborator project

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Scottish Funding Council SPIRIT Scheme. ?Novel and collaborative approaches to knowledge exchange in translational imaging?, ?1,124,928 - 1st Apr 2010-31st Dec 2014. Professor J Wardlaw, Dr J DeWilde, Dr A Murray, Dr R Lerski, Dr J Owen. Ref No. HR09021. SFC: SINAPSE-2 Continued development of the SINAPSE Network?, ?325,000, 31st Oct 2014 to 30th Sep 2019. D Wyer, J Wardlaw, A Murray, D Lerski, K Muir, D Donaldson, A O?Connor. EPSRC. ?Multi-modal retinal biomarkers for vascular dementia: developing enabling image analysis tools.? ?1,100,000, 1st Apr 2015 to 31st Mar 2018. E Trucco, J Wardlaw, T MacGillivray, F Doubal, I Deary, A Doney.

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. The Row Fogo Trust. ?Research studies in stroke and other common brain diseases?, ?400,000, 1st Apr 2001 to 31st Jul 2009. ?316,000 extension until 2014. Renewed to 2018 ?380,000. Dr JM Wardlaw, Dr I Marshall, Dr M Bastin and the Stroke Research Group. Ref No: AD.ROW4.35, R35865. Age UK. ?The Disconnected Mind?, ?2,500,000 over 5 years from 1st April 2011. Deary, I.J., & Starr, J.M., & Wardlaw, J.M.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Ian J. Deary, PhD
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Member, Executive Committee and Steering Committee of the Medical Research Council Dementia Platform, 2013 to 2016. Member, Medical Research Council Cross-Board Advisory Group, 2011 to 2014. Member, Medical Research Council Population Health Sciences Group, 2011 to 2014. Member, Medical Research Council Neurosciences and Mental Health Board, 2011 to 2014.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Book Review Editor and Member, Editorial Board, Intelligence 1999 to 2015. Member, Editorial Board, European Journal of Personality 1996 to date. Member, Editorial Board, Personality and Individual Differences 1997 to date. Member, Editorial Advisory Board, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1998 to date. Member, Board of Consulting Editors, Spanish Journal of Psychology 2002 to date. Member, Editorial Board, European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2005 to date. Member, Editorial Board, Psychological Science 2010 to date. Member, Editorial Board, Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 2010 to date.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Deary, I. J., Whalley, L. J., & Starr, J. M. (2009). A lifetime of intelligence: follow-up studies of the Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Matthews, G., Deary, I. J. & Whiteman, M. C. (2009). Personality traits (third edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Translated into Romanian [2005].) Deary, I. J. (2001). Intelligence: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Translated into Arabic [2005], German [2013], Hebrew [2006], Hungarian [2003], Japanese [2004], Korean [2005], Polish [2012], Portuguese [2006] Romanian [2008], and Spanish [2004].)

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Deary, I. J., Bastin, M., Starr, J. M., Wardlaw, J. M., & Penke, L. Brain white matter imaging and cognitive ageing in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: II. Medical Research Council. ?808,224. April 2011-March 2014. (G1001245.) Deary, I. J. Grant to establish Medical Research Council Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Director I. J. Deary). Medical Research Council. ?3,400,000 approx. August 2008-July 2013 (G0700704/84698.) Deary, I. J. Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology Phase 2. Medical Research Council and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. ?4,258,772. September 2013-August 2018. (MR/K026992/1). Deary, I. J., Luciano, M., Prendergast, J., Wardlaw, J. M., Bastin, M., &Starr, J. M. JPND: Brain Imaging, cognition, Dementia and next generation Genomics. Medical Research Council. ?592,325. May 2016-April 2019. (MR/N027558/1.)

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Deary, I. J., & Starr, J. M., & Wardlaw, J. M. The Disconnected Mind, Phase 2. Age UK. ?2,500,000. April 2011-March 2016. Deary, I. J., Starr, J. M., Wardlaw, J. M, & Bastin, M. E. The Disconnected Mind, Phase 3. Age UK. ?1,317,193. April 2016-March 2019.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Department of Psychology (M.L., J.C., S.R.C., I.J.D.), Brain Research Imaging Centre (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), and Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.R.C., M.C.V.H., D.A.D., M.E.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (L.C.A.C.) and The Institute of Applied Health Sciences (G.M.M.), University of Aberdeen, UK; and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada.
  1. Correspondence to Dr. Luciano: michelle.luciano{at}ed.ac.uk

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