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Abstract
Objective: Recent data suggest stroke incidence is decreasing over time, but it is unknown whether incidence is decreasing in women and men to the same extent.
Methods: Within our population of 1.3 million, all incident strokes among residents ≥20 years old were ascertained at all hospitals during July 1993–June 1994 and calendar years 1999, 2005, and 2010. A sampling scheme was used to ascertain out-of-hospital cases. Sex-specific incidence rates per 100,000 among black and white participants, age- and race-adjusted, were standardized to the 2000 US Census population. Trends over time by sex were compared; a Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons.
Results: Over the 4 study periods, there were 7,710 incident strokes; 57.2% (n = 4,412) were women. Women were older than men (mean ± SE 72.4 ± 0.34 vs 68.2 ± 0.32, p < 0.001). Incidence of all strokes decreased over time in men (263 [confidence interval 246–281] to 192 [179–205], p < 0.001) but not in women (217 [205–230] to 198 [187–210], p = 0.15). Similar sex differences were seen for ischemic stroke (men, 238 [223–257] to 165 [153–177], p < 0.01; women, 193 [181–205] to 173 [162–184], p = 0.09). Incidence of all strokes and of ischemic strokes was similar between women and men in 2010. Incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage were stable over time in both sexes.
Conclusions: Decreases in stroke incidence over time are driven by a decrease in ischemic stroke in men. Contrary to previous study periods, stroke incidence rates were similar by sex in 2010. Future research is needed to understand why the decrease in ischemic stroke incidence is more pronounced in men.
GLOSSARY
- ARIC=
- Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities;
- GCNKSS=
- Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study;
- ICD-9=
- International Classification of Diseases–9;
- ICH=
- intracerebral hemorrhage;
- mRS=
- modified Rankin Scale;
- SAH=
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
Supplemental data at Neurology.org
Editorial, page 982
- Received September 9, 2016.
- Accepted in final form May 3, 2017.
- © 2017 American Academy of Neurology
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