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March 06, 2018; 90 (10) Article

Pregnancy decision-making in women with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab

I: Fetal risks

Emilio Portaccio, Pietro Annovazzi, Angelo Ghezzi, Mauro Zaffaroni, Lucia Moiola, Vittorio Martinelli, Roberta Lanzillo, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Francesca Rinaldi, Paolo Gallo, Carla Tortorella, Damiano Paolicelli, Carlo Pozzilli, Laura De Giglio, Paola Cavalla, Eleonora Cocco, Maria Giovanna Marrosu, Francesco Patti, Claudio Solaro, Paolo Bellantonio, Antonio Uccelli, Alice Laroni, Luisa Pastò, Marta Giannini, Maria Trojano, Giancarlo Comi, Maria Pia Amato, For the MS Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society
First published February 7, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005067
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Article Information

vol. 90 no. 10 e823-e831
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005067
PubMed: 
29438046
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received August 4, 2017
  • Accepted in final form November 16, 2017
  • First Published February 7, 2018.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2018 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Emilio Portaccio, MD,
    2. Pietro Annovazzi, MD,
    3. Angelo Ghezzi, MD,
    4. Mauro Zaffaroni, MD,
    5. Lucia Moiola, MD,
    6. Vittorio Martinelli, MD,
    7. Roberta Lanzillo, MD, PhD,
    8. Vincenzo Brescia Morra, MD,
    9. Francesca Rinaldi, MD,
    10. Paolo Gallo, MD,
    11. Carla Tortorella, MD,
    12. Damiano Paolicelli, MD,
    13. Carlo Pozzilli, MD,
    14. Laura De Giglio, MD,
    15. Paola Cavalla, MD,
    16. Eleonora Cocco, MD,
    17. Maria Giovanna Marrosu, MD,
    18. Francesco Patti, MD,
    19. Claudio Solaro, MD,
    20. Paolo Bellantonio, MD,
    21. Antonio Uccelli, MD,
    22. Alice Laroni, MD,
    23. Luisa Pastò, MD,
    24. Marta Giannini, MD,
    25. Maria Trojano, MD,
    26. Giancarlo Comi, MD,
    27. Maria Pia Amato, MD;
    28. For the MS Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society
  1. Emilio Portaccio, MD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Dr. Portaccio serves on a scientific advisory board for Biogen-Idec, Merck Serono and Bayer

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Honoraria and research grants from Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering, Novartis, Teva, Genzyme

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Pietro Annovazzi, MD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. PA served on scientific advisory boards for Sanofi Genzyme, Biogen, Roche, Teva, Novartis and Merck-Serono

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. PA received speaking honoraria for Sanofi Genzyme, Biogen, Mylan, Teva, and Novartis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Angelo Ghezzi, MD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. speaking honoraria or consulting fees from Roche, Almirall, Teva, Merck, Biogen, Mylan, Novartis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Mauro Zaffaroni, MD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1)Biogen (2)Genzyme (3)Merck Serono (4)Novartis

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1)Almirall, speaker honoraria (2)Genzyme, speaker honoraria (3)Merck Serono, speaker honoraria (4)Teva, speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Multiple Sclerosis International, editorial advisory board, 2010-2017

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Lucia Moiola, MD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. I received travel and speaker honoraria from Biogen, Merck Serono, Sanofi-Genzyme, TEVA, Novartis, Roche

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Vittorio Martinelli, MD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Dr V Martinelli has participated in scientific advisory boards for Merck Serono and Genzyme

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Dr Martinelli has received travel supports and speakers honoraria for activities with Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Bayer, Teva Pharma, Novartis and Genzyme

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Roberta Lanzillo, MD, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Serving on a scientific advisory board for Merck Serono , Teva, Biogen ,novartis

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. I received funding for travel, speaker honoraria, and research support from Bayer Schering, Merck Serono, Novartis, Teva , Almirall, Genzyme and and Biogen .

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Vincenzo Brescia Morra, MD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Bayer Schering, advisory board member

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Received travel expenses and/or honoraria for lectures or educational activities not funded from Biogen Domp?; Merck Serono; Bayer Schering; Aventis; Novartis; Teva.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Biogen Domp?; Merck Serono; Bayer Schering; Aventis, Research support for clinical trials 2011-2013

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Francesca Rinaldi, MD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Rinaldi Francesca serves as an advisory board member of Biogen-Idec.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Rinaldi Francesca has received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, Sanofi-Aventis, Teva, Sanofi-Genzyme and Novartis.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Paolo Gallo, MD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1)Biogen Italy (2)Merck-Serono (3)Bayer-Shering (4)Sanofi-Aventis (5)Novartis Farma

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1)Biogen Italy (2)Merck-Serono (3)Bayer-Shering (4)Sanofi-Aventis (5)Novartis Farma

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1)Biogen Italy - Domp? Biotec (2)Merck-Serono (3)Bayer-Shering (4)Sanofi-Aventis (5)Novartis Farma

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1)Italian Ministry of Public Health, Prog.3

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Carla Tortorella, MD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Advisory board for Merck Serono, Teva, Genzyme, Biogen

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. received honoraria for speaking from Biogen, Sanofi-Aventis, Serono and Bayer-Schering, Teva, Genzyme and Novartis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Damiano Paolicelli, MD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Merck-Serono (2) Biogen Idec (3) Sanofi-Genzyme

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Biogen Idec (2) Sanofi-Genzyme (3) TEVA (4) Almirall (5) Novartis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Carlo Pozzilli, MD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Novartis, Merck Serono, Biogen, Sanofi- Aventis,Teva, Roche, Actelion

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Novartis, Merck Serono, Biogen,Sanofi Aventis, Teva, Roche.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Laura De Giglio, MD,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Advisory board for Merk Serono

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. Travel grant from Biogen Idec, Novartis and Teva

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Paola Cavalla, MD,
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Speaker honoraria from Genzyme, Teva, Biogen, Novartis. Travel support for participation to scientific meetings from Almirall, Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis, Serono, Teva.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Commercial entity: Teva 2016 (2) Commercial entity: Genzyme Corporation 2017 (3) Commercial entity: Merck Serono 2017

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. Eleonora Cocco, MD,
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Dr Cocco serves on scientific advisory boards from Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme and Teva

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Dr Cocco has received no profit travel supports for congress partecipation by Biogen, Merck, Bayer, Novartis, Genzyme, TEVA

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Dr Cocco has received speaker fees for educational activities (no profit) with Aldmirall Biogen, Merck, Bayer, Novartis Genzyme, TEVA and Almirall.

    Other activities:

    1. E Cocco has received research grant support from the Italian MS Foundation.

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 2013, 2014, 2015 founding by Fondazione Banco di Sardegna Founded by Italian Multiple sclerosis foundation 2012/R3

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  17. Maria Giovanna Marrosu, MD,
    18. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Serving on a scientific advisory board: Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Genzyme and TEVA

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Funding for travel and speaker honoraria from: Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Genzyme and TEVA

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Neurological Sciences, component of advisory board from 2004

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. speaker honoraria from: Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Genzyme and TEVA

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Research support from Merck, Bayer, TEVA, Genzyme and Biogen

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Sardinia Region (Legge7, RAS)

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Fondazione Banco di Sardegna

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  18. Francesco Patti, MD,
    19. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I served as advisory board member in the following companies: Merck-Serono (2009, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017), Bayer-Schering (2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017), Novartis (November 2009, 2012, 2013,2014, 2016)Almirall (2013, 2014, 2016, 2017), Biogen (2013, 2014, 2016, 2017) Roche (2016) Sanofi Genzyme (2015, 2016, 2017); I receveid research grant by University of Catania in 2015 and by Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation in 2013, 2014 and 2015

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. I received speaker honoraria from Almirall and Bayer in 2014, and 2015, and 2016, from Novartis in 2013, 2014 and 2015,2016 from TEVA in 2013, 2014 and 2015, form Biogen in 2013, 2014 and 2015, 2016 and 2017

    Editorial Boards:

    1. I serve BMC Neurology as associate editor and co-section editor (demyelinating Diseases); I serve Multiple Sclerosis Hindawi as associate editor

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. I received personal compensation from: Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, TEVA

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Grant from University of Catania (2007-2008-2009-2010- 2011, 2015)

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Grant from FISM (2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  19. Claudio Solaro, MD,
    20. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Merck-Seronno, Almirall, GWpharma, Biogen, TEVA, Novartis, Genzyme

    Gifts:

    1. Merck-Seronno, Almirall, GWpharma, Biogen, TEVA, Novartis, Genzyme

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Merck-Seronno, Almirall, GWpharma, Biogen, TEVA, Novartis, Genzyme

    Editorial Boards:

    1. BMC neurology associate editor 2017

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  20. Paolo Bellantonio, MD,
    21. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Served on the Scientific Advisory Boards for Roche, Merck, Biogen, Novartis, Omnia-Prova, US HealthConnect

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Received speaker honoraria from Roche, Genzyme, Merck, Biogen, Novartis, Teva, Medscape, Omnia-Prova, US HealthConnect

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Received grant support from Biogen, Novartis, MerckReceived grant support from Biogen, Novartis, Merck

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  21. Antonio Uccelli, MD,
    22. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Served on the Scientific Advisory Boards for Roche, Merck, Biogen, Novartis, Omnia-Prova, US HealthConnect,

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Received speaker honoraria from Roche, Genzyme, Merck, Biogen, Novartis, Teva, Medscape, Omnia-Prova, US HealthConnect,

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Received grant support from Biogen, Novartis, Merck

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  22. Alice Laroni, MD,
    23. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Sanofi (2) Merck

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) travel, Teva, Novartis, Biogen, Merck (2) speaker honoraria, Biogen (3)speaker honoraria, Teva (4) speaker honoraria, Novartis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. (1) Biogen, funding to a workshop organized by me

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  23. Luisa Pastò, MD,
    24. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. commercial scientific advisory board with Biogen Idec

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  24. Marta Giannini, MD,
    25. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Biogen

    Gifts:

    1. Bayer, Almirall

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  25. Maria Trojano, MD,
    26. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. MT has served on scientific Advisory Boards for Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Roche

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. M.Trojano received honoraria for travel, consultancy or speaking from Biogen, Sanofi, Almirall, Teva, Genzyme and Novartis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. M Trojano received research support for her Institution by Novartis, Biogen, Teva and Merck

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  26. Giancarlo Comi, MD,
    27. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Received personal fees from Novartis, Teva, Sanofi, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Biogen, Roche, Almirall, Celgene, Forward Pharma, Medday and Excemed

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Received personal fees from Novartis, Teva, Sanofi, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Biogen, Roche, Almirall, Celgene, Forward Pharma, Medday and Excemed

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 1) Neurological Sciences, associate editor, 2011-

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Received personal fees from Novartis, Teva, Sanofi, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Biogen, Roche, Almirall, Celgene, Forward Pharma, Medday and Excemed

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  27. Maria Pia Amato, MD;
    28. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. member of Advisory Boards for Biogen, Merck , Teva, Novartis, Sanofi Aventis, Genzyme, Almirall and Roche

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. honoraria for speaking from Biogen, Merck , Novartis , Teva, Genzyme, Almirall and Sanofi Aventis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Member of Editorial Board and Associate Editor of BMC Neurology Member of the Editorial Board of Multiple Sclerosis Journal

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. research grants from Biogen , Merk , Bayer , Sanofi Aventis, Teva

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  28. For the MS Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society
    1. From IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation (E.P.), Florence; Multiple Sclerosis Study Center (P.A., A.G., M.Z.), ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate Hospital (VA); Scientific Institute University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (L.M., V.M., G.C.), Milan; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (R.L., V.B.M.), Federico II University of Naples; Department of Neurosciences (F.R., P.G.), Multiple Sclerosis Centre–Veneto Region (CeSMuV), University Hospital of Padova; Department of Neurology (C.T., D.P., M.T.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (C.P., L.D.G.), “La Sapienza” University, Rome; Department of Neurology (P.C.), University of Torino; Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health (E.C., M.G.M.), University of Cagliari; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University of Catania; Department of Neurology (C.S.), ASL3 Genovese; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.B.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli; Department of Neurology (A.U., A.L.), University of Genova; and Department of NEUROFARBA (L.P., M.G., M.P.A.), University of Florence, Italy.
    1. Correspondence
      Dr. Portaccio portilio{at}tin.it
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    Cited By...

    Letters: Rapid online correspondence

    • Author response to Proschmann et al. & Sotgiu et al.
      • Emilio Portaccio, Neurologist, IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation (Florence, Italy)
      • Maria Pia Amato, Full Professor of Neurology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence (Florence, Italy)
      Submitted July 19, 2018
    • Fetal risk in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab
      • Stefano Sotgiu, Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari (Italy)
      • Anna Eusebi, Resident, Child Neuropsychiatry School, University of Sassari (Italy)
      • Chiara Begliuomini, Resident, Child Neuropsychiatry School, University of Sassari (Italy)
      • Franca R. Guerini, Molecular Biology and immunogenetics, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (Milano, Italy)
      • Alessandra Carta, Child Neuropsychiatrician, PhD Student, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari (Italy)
      Submitted March 06, 2018
    • Reader response: Pregnancy decision making in women with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab: I: Fetal risk II: Maternal risk
      • Undine Proschmann, Neurologist, MS Center, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
      • Katja Akgün, Neurologist, MS Center, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
      • Tjalf Ziemssen, Neurologist, MS Center, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
      Submitted March 01, 2018
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