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June 12, 2018; 90 (24) Article

The cortical damage, early relapses, and onset of the progressive phase in multiple sclerosis

Antonio Scalfari, Chiara Romualdi, Richard S. Nicholas, Miriam Mattoscio, Roberta Magliozzi, Aldo Morra, Salvatore Monaco, Paolo A. Muraro, Massimiliano Calabrese
First published May 16, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005685
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Article Information

vol. 90 no. 24 e2107-e2118
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005685
PubMed: 
29769373
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received October 6, 2017
  • Accepted in final form April 2, 2018
  • First Published May 16, 2018.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2018 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Antonio Scalfari, MD,
    2. Chiara Romualdi, PhD,
    3. Richard S. Nicholas, MD,
    4. Miriam Mattoscio, MD,
    5. Roberta Magliozzi, PhD,
    6. Aldo Morra, MD,
    7. Salvatore Monaco, MD,
    8. Paolo A. Muraro, MD and
    9. Massimiliano Calabrese, MD
  1. Antonio Scalfari, MD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Chiara Romualdi, PhD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Richard S. Nicholas, MD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Biogen (2) Roche (3) Novartis (4) Genzyme

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Biogen

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. (1) Multiple Sclerosis Society/GE FAST FORWARD GRANT

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Miriam Mattoscio, MD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) FISM, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Scientific Committee Member

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Biogen Idec, Industry-funded travel (2) Teva, Industry-funded travel (3) Genzyme, Industry-funded travel (4) Merk Serono, Industry-funded travel and speaker honoraria (5) Novartis, Industry-funded travel and speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1)Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trial Collaboration (MSCT), consulting in the role of co-investigator/assessor neurologist

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Roberta Magliozzi, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Aldo Morra, MD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Salvatore Monaco, MD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Neurological Sciences

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Paolo A. Muraro, MD and
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Dr. Muraro has received travel support and speaker honoraria from Novartis, Bayer HealthCare, Bayer Pharma, Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono and Sanofi Aventis.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Academic Editor, PLOS Medicine.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Funder: Medical Research Council Type of grant: Project Grant Title: Pathfinder: An experimental medicine study of the 18 kD translocator protein as a novel neuroimmunodulatory target for multiple sclerosis Duration: 3 years 2016-19

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Funder: UK Multiple Sclerosis Society / UK Stem Cell Foundation Type of grant: Collaborative Project Grant Title: A phase II trial of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in highly active multiple sclerosis ? Duration:2012-17 Funder: Italian Multiple Sclerosis Society Type of grant: Research Grant Title: EBV and autoreactivity in MS Duration:2016-18 PI: Muraro

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Massimiliano Calabrese, MD
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Scientific advisory boards of Sanofi-Aventis, Merck Serono, Biogen Idec

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Funding for travel from Sanofi-Aventis, Merk Serono, Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering Pharma

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Sanofi Aventis La Roche

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Sanofi-Aventis, Merk Serono, Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering Pharma

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Division of Neuroscience (A.S., R.S.N., M.M., P.M.), Imperial College, London, UK; Biology Department (C.R.), University of Padua; Department of Neurological, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (R.M., S.M., M.C.), University of Verona; and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.), Euganea Medica, Padua, Italy.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Calabrese calabresem{at}hotmail.it
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