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January 30, 2018; 90 (5) Views & ReviewsOpen Access

Dementia in Latin America

Assessing the present and envisioning the future

Mario A. Parra, Sandra Baez, Ricardo Allegri, Ricardo Nitrini, Francisco Lopera, Andrea Slachevsky, Nilton Custodio, David Lira, Olivier Piguet, Fiona Kumfor, David Huepe, Patricia Cogram, Thomas Bak, Facundo Manes, Agustin Ibanez
First published January 5, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004897
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Article Information

vol. 90 no. 5 222-231
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004897
PubMed: 
29305437
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received July 29, 2017
  • Accepted in final form October 2, 2017
  • First Published January 5, 2018.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Author Disclosures

    1. Mario A. Parra, MD, PhD,
    2. Sandra Baez, PhD,
    3. Ricardo Allegri, MD, PhD,
    4. Ricardo Nitrini, PhD,
    5. Francisco Lopera, MD, PhD,
    6. Andrea Slachevsky, MD, PhD,
    7. Nilton Custodio, MD, PhD,
    8. David Lira, PhD,
    9. Olivier Piguet, PhD,
    10. Fiona Kumfor, PhD,
    11. David Huepe, PhD,
    12. Patricia Cogram, PhD,
    13. Thomas Bak, PhD,
    14. Facundo Manes, MD, PhD and
    15. Agustin Ibanez, PhD
  1. Mario A. Parra, MD, PhD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Sandra Baez, PhD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, associate editor, 2016

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Ricardo Allegri, MD, PhD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Novartis, Jannsen, Lundbeck, Ever neuropharma Educacional free.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Ricardo Nitrini, PhD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Advisory board meeting of Janssen-Cilag in 2012 Advisory meeting with Brazilian Nutricia board in 2013

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Funding for travel to Alzheimer Association International Congress. Novartis 2012 and 2013

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editor - Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2007-present Area-Editor (Neurology) - Clinics 2016 - presnt Editorial Board member- Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disordes - 2004-present Editorial Board member - Journal of Alzheimer Disease 2016- present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Speaker in a meeting sponsored by Novartis in 2012 peaker in a meeting sponsored by Danone (Nutricia) in 2013

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical procedures or imaging studies:

    1. I work in private clinic as clinical neurologist

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. FAPESP (Foundation for the support of research in the S?o Paulo State, Brazil) for epidemiology study on dementia in Brazil Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq)

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Federico Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Francisco Lopera, MD, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. I am principal investigator in a GRANT "API COLOMBIA" with funds from GENENTECH, BANNER INSTITUTE AND NIH

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. BANNER INSTITUTE GENENTECH

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. COLCIENCIAS GRANT NIH

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. UNIVERSITY OF ANTIOQUIA (ACADEMIC ENTITY)

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. FIDELITY FOUNDATION

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Andrea Slachevsky, MD, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Associated Editor Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Nilton Custodio, MD, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. David Lira, PhD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Olivier Piguet, PhD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Frontiers in Dementia Research, Editorial Board, since 2011 Frontiers in Emotion Science, Editorial Board, since 2011 Behavioural Neurology, Editorial Board, since 2013 Brain Impairment, Editorial Board, since 2017

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1) Australian Research Council, CE110001021, Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, 2011-2018 2) National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, APP1103258, Senior Research Fellowship 2016-2020

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1) Velux Stiftung, Switzerland

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Fiona Kumfor, PhD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, Associate Editor, 3 years, (2) Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Review Editor, 2 years

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)- Australian Research Council Dementia Research Development Fellowship, APP1097026, Fellowship recipient, 2016-2019, (2) NHMRC Project Grant APP1121791

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. David Huepe, PhD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Patricia Cogram, PhD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Frontiers Ageing Neuroscience, editor, 2 years

    Patents:

    1. Granted: Lawrence Irwin GLASS, Michael John Bickerdike, Michael Frederick Snape, Cogram Patricia. Treatment of autism spectrum disorders using glycyl-l-2-methylprolyl-l-glutamic acid, USA, 072049, 72049. International Application: PCT/US2013/072049 Lawrence Irwin GLASS, Michael John Bickerdike, Michael Frederick Snape, Cogram Patricia. Neuroprotective bicyclic compounds and methods for their use in treating autism spectrum disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders. Patent number: WO 2015013397 File and sold - to Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Germany-: Patricia Cogram, Robert Deacon, Wolfgang Schuch. Method for Alzheimer's disease drug screening and biomarker evaluation. International Application: PCT/IB2014/063047 Patricia Cogram, Robert Deacon, Wolfgang Schuch. Method for Alzheimer's disease drug screening and biomarker evaluation. International Application: PCT/IB2014/062497.

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Science Faculty, University of Chile, Chile

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Fragile X Foundation, USA. This entity awards do not have a number

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Thomas Bak, PhD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Associate Editor of ALS FTD Journal (since January 2013). Member of Editorial Board of Behavioural Neurology (since 2008) and Aphasiology (since 2012). No compensations receieved

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Facundo Manes, MD, PhD and
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Agustin Ibanez, PhD
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. CONICET, Principal Investigator, 2011 CONICYT/FONDECYT Regular Principal Investigator 1170010 FONCyT-PICT 2012-0412, Principal Investigator FONCyT-PICT 2012-1309, Principal Investigator FONDAP 15150012, Associated researcher INECO Foundation, Principal Investigator Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Principal Investigator

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the School of Life Sciences (M.A.P.), Psychology, University Heriot-Watt; Human Cognitive Neuroscience (M.A.P.), Psychology, Edinburgh University; Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (M.A.P.), Edinburgh; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (M.A.P., T.B.) and Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences (P.C., T.B.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (M.A.P., A.I.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (S.B., F.M., A.I.); Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCYT) (S.B., F.M., A.I.), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psicología (S.B.) Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychology (R.A.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas “Raúl Carrea” (FLENI) (R.A.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de la Costa (CUC) (R.A.), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Neurology (R.N.), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil; Group of Neuroscience (F.L.), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (A.S.); Physiopathology Department, ICBM, and East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine (A.S.), and Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE) (A.S.), University of Chile; Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department (A.S.), Hospital del Salvador; Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana (A.S.), Santiago, Chile; Research Unit, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences (N.C., D.L.) and Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention (N.C., D.L.), Lima, Peru; Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology (O.P., F.K.), Faculty of Science, University of Sydney; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (O.P., F.K., F.M., A.I.), Sydney, Australia; Fraunhofer Chile (O.P., P.C.), Santiago; and Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology (D.H., A.I.), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Ibanez aibanez{at}ineco.org.ar
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Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment.

If you are responding to a comment that was written about an article you originally authored:
You (and co-authors) do not need to fill out forms or check disclosures as author forms are still valid
and apply to letter.

Submission specifications:

  • Submissions must be < 200 words with < 5 references. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
  • Submissions should not have more than 5 authors. (Exception: original author replies can include all original authors of the article)
  • Submit only on articles published within 6 months of issue date.
  • Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
  • Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.

More guidelines and information on Disputes & Debates

Compose Comment

More information about text formats

Plain text

  • No HTML tags allowed.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
Author Information
NOTE: The first author must also be the corresponding author of the comment.
First or given name, e.g. 'Peter'.
Your last, or family, name, e.g. 'MacMoody'.
Your email address, e.g. higgs-boson@gmail.com
Your role and/or occupation, e.g. 'Orthopedic Surgeon'.
Your organization or institution (if applicable), e.g. 'Royal Free Hospital'.
Publishing Agreement
NOTE: All authors, besides the first/corresponding author, must complete a separate Publishing Agreement Form and provide via email to the editorial office before comments can be posted.
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