September 04, 2018; 91 (10) Special Article
Comprehensive systematic review update summary: Disorders of consciousness
Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research
Joseph T. Giacino, Douglas I. Katz, Nicholas D. Schiff, John Whyte, Eric J. Ashman, Stephen Ashwal, Richard Barbano, Flora M. Hammond, Steven Laureys, Geoffrey S.F. Ling, Risa Nakase-Richardson, Ronald T. Seel, Stuart Yablon, Thomas S.D. Getchius, Gary S. Gronseth, Melissa J. Armstrong
First published August 8, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005928
Joseph T. Giacino
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Douglas I. Katz
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Nicholas D. Schiff
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
John Whyte
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Eric J. Ashman
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Stephen Ashwal
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Richard Barbano
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Flora M. Hammond
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Steven Laureys
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Geoffrey S.F. Ling
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Risa Nakase-Richardson
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Ronald T. Seel
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Stuart Yablon
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Thomas S.D. Getchius
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Gary S. Gronseth
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Melissa J. Armstrong
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.T.G.), Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Psychiatry (J.T.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (D.I.K.), Boston University School of Medicine; Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital (D.I.K.), MA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience (N.D.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (J.W.), Elkins Park, PA; Bronson Neuroscience Center (E.J.A.), Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Neurology (R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Indiana University Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (F.M.H.), University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Coma Science Group–GIGA Research and Department of Neurology (S.L.), Sart Tillman Liège University & University Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda; Department of Neurology (G.S.F.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (R.N.-R.), US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL; Crawford Research Institute (R.T.S.), Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (R.T.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond; Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (S.Y.), University of Mississippi School of Medicine; Brain Injury Program (S.Y.), Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS; Heart Rhythm Society (T.S.D.G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
Comprehensive systematic review update summary: Disorders of consciousness
Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research
Joseph T. Giacino, Douglas I. Katz, Nicholas D. Schiff, John Whyte, Eric J. Ashman, Stephen Ashwal, Richard Barbano, Flora M. Hammond, Steven Laureys, Geoffrey S.F. Ling, Risa Nakase-Richardson, Ronald T. Seel, Stuart Yablon, Thomas S.D. Getchius, Gary S. Gronseth, Melissa J. Armstrong
Neurology Sep 2018, 91 (10) 461-470; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005928
Citation Manager Formats
Make Comment
See Comments
Downloads
3476
Article Figures & Data
Tables
Disputes & Debates: Rapid online correspondence
No comments have been published for this article.
NOTE: All authors' disclosures must be entered and current in our database before comments can be posted. Enter and update disclosures at http://submit.neurology.org. Exception: replies to comments concerning an article you originally authored do not require updated disclosures.
- Stay timely. Submit only on articles published within the last 8 weeks.
- Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
- 200 words maximum.
- 5 references maximum. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
- 5 authors maximum. Exception: replies can include all original authors of the article.
- Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.
You May Also be Interested in
Advertisement