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September 04, 2018; 91 (10) Article

Psychophysic-psychological dichotomy in very early acute mTBI pain

A prospective study

Pora Kuperman, Yelena Granovsky, Michal Granot, Hany Bahouth, Shiri Fadel, Gila Hyams, Hen Ben Lulu, Osnat Aspis, Rabia Salame, Julia Begal, David Hochstein, Shahar Grunner, Liat Honigman, Maya Reshef, Elliot Sprecher, Noam Bosak, Michele Sterling, David Yarnitsky
First published August 1, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006120
Pora Kuperman
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Yelena Granovsky
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Michal Granot
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Hany Bahouth
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Shiri Fadel
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Gila Hyams
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Hen Ben Lulu
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Osnat Aspis
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Rabia Salame
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Julia Begal
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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David Hochstein
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Shahar Grunner
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Liat Honigman
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Maya Reshef
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Elliot Sprecher
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Noam Bosak
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Michele Sterling
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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David Yarnitsky
From the Faculty of Medicine (P.K., Y.G., S.F., L.H., M.R.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Department of Nursing (M.G.), Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa; TraumaEmergency Surgery (H.B., H.B.L.), Nursing (G.H.), ICU (O.A.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.S.), General Surgery Department (J.B., D.H., S.G.), Department of Neurology (E.S., N.B., D.Y.), and Faculty of Medicine (D.Y.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; and RECOVER Injury Research Centre (M.S.), NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Citation
Psychophysic-psychological dichotomy in very early acute mTBI pain
A prospective study
Pora Kuperman, Yelena Granovsky, Michal Granot, Hany Bahouth, Shiri Fadel, Gila Hyams, Hen Ben Lulu, Osnat Aspis, Rabia Salame, Julia Begal, David Hochstein, Shahar Grunner, Liat Honigman, Maya Reshef, Elliot Sprecher, Noam Bosak, Michele Sterling, David Yarnitsky
Neurology Sep 2018, 91 (10) e931-e938; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006120

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Abstract

Objective To characterize the pain-related somatosensory and psychological presentation of very early acute patients with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods Patients with an mTBI participated in a prospective observational study undergoing clinical, psychophysic, and psychological assessment within 72 hours after the accident. Healthy controls underwent similar protocol.

Results One hundred acute patients with an mTBI (age 36 ± 12.5 [SD] years, range 19–67 years, 42 women) and 80 healthy controls (age 43 ± 14.3 years, range 24–74 years, 40 women) participated. Patients with an mTBI demonstrated a pronociceptive psychophysic response in most tests such as less efficient pressure-pain threshold–conditioned pain modulation (0.19 ±0.19±.09 vs. 0.91±.10 kg, p < 0.001) and lower temperature needed to elicit a Pain50 response (44.72 ± 0.26°C vs 46.41 ± 0.30°C, p < 0.001). Their psychophysic findings correlated with clinical pain measures, e.g., Pain50 temperature and mean head (r = −0.21, p = 0.045) and neck (r = −0.26, p = 0.011) pain. The pain-catastrophizing magnification subscale was the only psychological variable to show a difference from the controls, while no significant correlations were found between any psychological measures and the clinical or psychophysic pain measures.

Conclusions There appears to be a dichotomy between somatosensory and psychological findings in the very early acute post-mTBI stage; while the first is altered and is associated with the clinical picture, the second is unchanged. In the context of the ongoing debate on the pathophysiologic nature of the post-mTBI syndrome, our findings support its “physical” basis, free of mental influence, at least in the short time window after the injury.

Glossary

cWAD=
chronic whiplash-associated disorder;
mTBI=
mild traumatic brain injury;
NPS=
Numerical Pain Scale;
PSQ=
Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire;
TBI=
traumatic brain injury;
WAD=
whiplash-associated disorder

Footnotes

  • Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

  • CME Course: NPub.org/cmelist

  • Received December 20, 2017.
  • Accepted in final form June 6, 2018.
  • © 2018 American Academy of Neurology
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