October 09, 2018; 91 (15) Article
Serum neurofilament light chain in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Petra Steinacker, Sarah Anderl-Straub, Janine Diehl-Schmid, Elisa Semler, Ingo Uttner, Christine A.F. von Arnim, Henryk Barthel, Adrian Danek, Klaus Fassbender, Klaus Fliessbach, Hans Foerstl, Timo Grimmer, Hans-Jürgen Huppertz, Holger Jahn, Jan Kassubek, Johannes Kornhuber, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Martin Lauer, Juan Manuel Maler, Benjamin Mayer, Patrick Oeckl, Johannes Prudlo, Anja Schneider, Alexander E. Volk, Jens Wiltfang, Matthias L. Schroeter, Albert C. Ludolph, Markus Otto
First published September 12, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006318
Petra Steinacker
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Sarah Anderl-Straub
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Janine Diehl-Schmid
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Elisa Semler
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Ingo Uttner
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Christine A.F. von Arnim
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Henryk Barthel
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Adrian Danek
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Klaus Fassbender
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Klaus Fliessbach
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Hans Foerstl
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Timo Grimmer
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Hans-Jürgen Huppertz
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Holger Jahn
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Jan Kassubek
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Johannes Kornhuber
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Bernhard Landwehrmeyer
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Martin Lauer
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Juan Manuel Maler
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Benjamin Mayer
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Patrick Oeckl
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Johannes Prudlo
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Anja Schneider
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Alexander E. Volk
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Jens Wiltfang
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Matthias L. Schroeter
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Albert C. Ludolph
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Markus Otto
From the Department of Neurology (P.S., S.A.-S., E.S., I.U., C.A.F.v.A., J. Kassubek, B.L., P.O., A.C.L., M.O.) and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (B.M.), University of Ulm; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.D.-S., H.F., T.G.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (H.B.), Leipzig University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Saarland University, Homburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany; Swiss Epilepsy Center (H.-J.H.), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (H.J.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; AMEOS Klinikum (H.J.), Heiligenhafen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J. Kornhuber, J.M.M.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.L.), University of Würzburg; Department of Neurology (J.P.), University of Rostock; DZNE (J.P.), Rostock; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (A.S.), University Hospital Bonn; DZNE (A.S.), Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics (A.E.V.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen; DZNE (J.W.), Göttingen, Germany; iBiMED (J.W.), Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology (M.L.S.), University Clinic Leipzig; and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (M.L.S.), Leipzig, Germany.
Serum neurofilament light chain in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Petra Steinacker, Sarah Anderl-Straub, Janine Diehl-Schmid, Elisa Semler, Ingo Uttner, Christine A.F. von Arnim, Henryk Barthel, Adrian Danek, Klaus Fassbender, Klaus Fliessbach, Hans Foerstl, Timo Grimmer, Hans-Jürgen Huppertz, Holger Jahn, Jan Kassubek, Johannes Kornhuber, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Martin Lauer, Juan Manuel Maler, Benjamin Mayer, Patrick Oeckl, Johannes Prudlo, Anja Schneider, Alexander E. Volk, Jens Wiltfang, Matthias L. Schroeter, Albert C. Ludolph, Markus Otto
Neurology Oct 2018, 91 (15) e1390-e1401; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006318
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Abstract
Objective To determine the association of serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) with functional deterioration and brain atrophy during follow-up of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).
Methods Blood NfL levels from 74 patients with bvFTD, 26 with Alzheimer disease (AD), 17 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 15 healthy controls (Con) at baseline and follow-up were determined and analyzed for the diagnostic potential in relation to functional assessment (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes [CDR-SOB], frontotemporal lobar degeneration–related CDR-SOB, Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) and brain volumetry.
Results At baseline, serum NfL level correlated with CSF NfL (bvFTD r = 0.706, p < 0.0001; AD/MCI r = 0.666, p = 0.0003). Highest serum levels were observed in bvFTD (p <0 0.0001 vs Con and MCI, p = 0.0078 vs AD, respectively). Discrimination of bvFTD from Con/MCI/AD was possible with 91%/74%/74% sensitivity and 79%/74%/58% specificity. At follow-up, serum NfL increased in bvFTD and AD (p = 0.0039 and p = 0.0006, respectively). At baseline and follow-up, NfL correlated with functional scores of patients with bvFTD (e.g., CDR-SOB [baseline] r = 0.4157, p = 0.0006; [follow-up] r = 0.5629, p < 0.0001) and with atrophy in the gray and white matter of many brain regions including frontal and subcortical areas (e.g., frontal lobe: r = −0.5857, p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval −0.7415 to −0.3701). For patients with AD/MCI, NfL correlated with the functional performance as well (e.g., CDR-SOB [baseline] r = 0.6624, p < 0.0001; [follow-up] r = 0.5659, p = 0.0003) but not with regional brain volumes.
Conclusions As serum NfL correlates with functional impairment and brain atrophy in bvFTD at different disease stages, we propose it as marker of disease severity, paving the way for its future use as outcome measure for clinical trials.
Classification of evidence This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with cognitive problems, serum NfL concentration discriminates bvFTD from other forms of dementia.
Glossary
- Aβ42=
- β-amyloid 1–42;
- AD=
- Alzheimer disease;
- ALS=
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;
- AUC=
- area under the curve;
- bvFTD=
- behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia;
- CDR-SOB=
- Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes;
- CI=
- confidence interval;
- FTD=
- frontotemporal dementia;
- FTLD=
- frontotemporal lobar degeneration;
- ICV=
- intracranial volume;
- MCI=
- mild cognitive impairment;
- MMSE=
- Mini-Mental State Examination;
- NfL=
- neurofilament light chain;
- p-tau=
- phosphorylated tau;
- pNfH=
- phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain;
- ROC=
- receiver operating characteristic;
- v1=
- visit 1;
- v2=
- visit 2
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
Coinvestigators are listed at links.lww.com/WNL/A693.
Class of Evidence: NPub.org/coe
- Received January 12, 2018.
- Accepted in final form July 10, 2018.
- © 2018 American Academy of Neurology
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