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July 31, 2018; 91 (5) Article

Effects of deep brain stimulation on rest tremor progression in early stage Parkinson disease

Mallory L. Hacker, Mahlon R. DeLong, Maxim Turchan, Lauren E. Heusinkveld, Jill L. Ostrem, Anna L. Molinari, Amanda D. Currie, Peter E. Konrad, Thomas L. Davis, Fenna T. Phibbs, Peter Hedera, Kevin R. Cannard, Lea T. Drye, Alice L. Sternberg, David M. Shade, James Tonascia, David Charles
First published June 29, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005903
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Article Information

vol. 91 no. 5 e463-e471
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005903
PubMed: 
29959266
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received October 19, 2017
  • Accepted in final form April 5, 2018
  • First Published June 29, 2018.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2018 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Mallory L. Hacker, PhD,
    2. Mahlon R. DeLong, MD,
    3. Maxim Turchan, BA,
    4. Lauren E. Heusinkveld, BS,
    5. Jill L. Ostrem, MD,
    6. Anna L. Molinari, BA,
    7. Amanda D. Currie, BA,
    8. Peter E. Konrad, MD, PhD,
    9. Thomas L. Davis, MD,
    10. Fenna T. Phibbs, MD,
    11. Peter Hedera, MD, PhD,
    12. Kevin R. Cannard, MD,
    13. Lea T. Drye, PhD,
    14. Alice L. Sternberg, ScM,
    15. David M. Shade, JD,
    16. James Tonascia, PhD and
    17. David Charles, MD
  1. Mallory L. Hacker, PhD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. 1. Deep brain stimulation in early stage Parkinson's disease 2. Therapeutic response in Parkinson's disease 3. Predicting therapeutic response in Parkinson's disease

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1. Michael J. Fox Foundation 2. American Parkinson Disease Association 3. Parkinson's Disease Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Mahlon R. DeLong, MD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Maxim Turchan, BA,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Lauren E. Heusinkveld, BS,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Jill L. Ostrem, MD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Neurocrine - travel and speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. US Application Serial No. 14/069,170 Methods and Systems for Treating Neurological Movement Disorders Nonpenetrating Detection of a Cortical Biomarker in Movement Disorders

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Neurocrine Adamas Medtronic AbbVie

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical procedures or imaging studies:

    1. (1) UCSF Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Center, clinical effort (20% effort), clinical research effort (40%), teaching (20%), administative (20%)

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1)St. Jude Medical, Inc. (2)Boston Scientific, Inc. (3) Cala Health, Inc. (4) Google, Inc. (5) MRI Interventions, Inc. (6) Merz, Inc. (7) Allergan, Inc. (8) Medtronic, Inc.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1)PCORI- FY.16.782.002 Co-investigator (2015-2018) (2)NIH R01 #NS090913-01 PA-11-260 Co-investigator (2014- 2018) (3)DOD Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency co-investigator (2014-2019)

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Michael J. Fox Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Anna L. Molinari, BA,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1. Michael J. Fox Foundation 2. American Parkinson Disease Association 3. Parkinson's Disease Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Amanda D. Currie, BA,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Peter E. Konrad, MD, PhD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1. Medtronic Scientific Advisory group 2. Neuropace Scientific Advisory group

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. 1. Deep brain stimulation in early stage Parkinson's disease 2. Therapeutic response in Parkinson's disease 3. Predicting therapeutic response in Parkinson's disease

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Thomas L. Davis, MD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Data safety monitoring board Vanderbilt University Medical Center (2) Advisory Board, Abbvie Pharmaceuticals (3) Advisory Board, ACADIA Pharmaceuticals

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Parkinson Outcome Project Steering Committee, National Parkinson Foundation

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Consultant, Abbvie Pharmaceuticals

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Ibsen Pharmaceuticals (2) Acordia Therapeutics

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) Veterans Administration Hospital

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Parkinson Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Fenna T. Phibbs, MD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Medtronic, travel

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Medtronic Boston Scientific

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Peter Hedera, MD, PhD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Journal of Parkinsonism and restless leg syndrome - editor-in-chief 2015-present Neurology - member of editorial board 2012-present Parkinsonism and related disorders- member of editorial board 2010-present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Kevin R. Cannard, MD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Vanderbilt University provided $6,600 support for me to travel to Vanderbilt University and stay on site to review deidentified videos of subjects neurological exams in my role as the blinded evaluator.

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Lea T. Drye, PhD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Blue Cross Blue Shield Association

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Blue Cross Blue Shield Association

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Alice L. Sternberg, ScM,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIA, AG047837, investigator, last 2 years. NHLBI, N01-hr-76197, investigator, 2017. NHLBI, 5U01HL126088, investigator, last 2 years.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. ACGME, no grant number.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. David M. Shade, JD,
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. DSMB member for the NIH-funded Pelvic Floor Disorders Network

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NHLBI - iCOMPARE - U01HL126088 - Investigator NIA - STURDY - AG047837 - Investigator NIA - S-CitAD - unknown - Investigator NHLBI - LEEP (Pulmonary Trials Cooperative) - unknown - Investigator

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. ACGME - unknown - iCOMPARE American Lung Association - Airways Clinical Research Centers

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. James Tonascia, PhD and
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NHLBI, NO1-HR-76197, principal investigator, 2017. NHLBI, 5U01HL126088, principal investigator, last 2 years. NIA, NIA AG047837, investigator, last 2 years. NIDDK u24dk074008, principal investigator, last 2 years. NIDDK dk061730, principal investigator, last 2 years.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. ACGME, no grant number, last 2 years, investigator

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  17. David Charles, MD
    18. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. 1.Deep brain stimulation in early stage Parkinson's disease 2.Therapeutic response in Parkinson's disease 3.Predicting therapeutic response in Parkinson's disease

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. 1. Allergan 2. Alliance for Patient Access 3. Ipsen 4. Medtronic 5. Revance

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1. Allergan 2. Intec 3. Ipsen 4. Medtronic 5. Merz

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1. Vanderbilt CTSA grant UL1TR000445 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NCATS/NIH award UL1TR000011, NIH R01EB006136

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1. American Parkinson Disease Association 2. Michael J. Fox Foundation 3. Parkinson Disease Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Departments of Neurology (M.L.H., M.T., L.E.H., A.L.M., A.D.C., T.L.D., F.T.P., P.H., D.C.) and Neurosurgery (P.E.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.R.D.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (L.E.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD; Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Center (J.L.O.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (K.R.C.), Walter Reed National Military Center, Bethesda; and Department of Epidemiology (L.T.D., A.L.S., D.M.S., J.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Charles david.charles{at}vanderbilt.edu
View Full Text

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