March 12, 2019; 92 (11) Article
Biallelic variants in LARS2 and KARS cause deafness and (ovario)leukodystrophy
Marjo S. van der Knaap, Marianna Bugiani, Marisa I. Mendes, Lisa G. Riley, Desiree E.C. Smith, Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion, Magali Frugier, Marjolein Breur, View ORCID ProfileJoanna Crawford, Judith van Gaalen, Meyke Schouten, View ORCID ProfileMarjolaine Willems, Quinten Waisfisz, Frederic Tran Mau-Them, Richard J. Rodenburg, Ryan J. Taft, View ORCID ProfileBoris Keren, John Christodoulou, Christel Depienne, View ORCID ProfileCas Simons, Gajja S. Salomons, Fanny Mochel
First published February 8, 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007098
Marjo S. van der Knaap
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Marianna Bugiani
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Marisa I. Mendes
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Lisa G. Riley
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Desiree E.C. Smith
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Magali Frugier
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Marjolein Breur
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Joanna Crawford
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Judith van Gaalen
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Meyke Schouten
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Marjolaine Willems
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Quinten Waisfisz
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Frederic Tran Mau-Them
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Richard J. Rodenburg
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Ryan J. Taft
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Boris Keren
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
John Christodoulou
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Christel Depienne
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Cas Simons
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Gajja S. Salomons
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Fanny Mochel
From the Departments of Child Neurology (M.S.v.d.K., M. Breur) and Neuropathology (M. Bugiani, M. Breur), and Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.I.M., D.E.C.S., G.S.S.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit (L.G.R., J. Christodoulou), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN (J.R.-T., M.F.), UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience (J. Crawford, C.S.), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (J.v.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.S.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departement Génétique Médicale (M.W.), Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics (Q.W.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares (F.T.M.-T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (R.J.R.), Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; AP-HP (B.K., F.M.), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris; INSERM U 1127 (B.K., C.D., F.M.), CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J. Christodoulou, C.S.), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (J. Christodoulou), University of Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Human Genetics (C.D.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and Sorbonne Universités (F.M.), Neurometabolic Clinical Research Group, Paris, France.
Biallelic variants in LARS2 and KARS cause deafness and (ovario)leukodystrophy
Marjo S. van der Knaap, Marianna Bugiani, Marisa I. Mendes, Lisa G. Riley, Desiree E.C. Smith, Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion, Magali Frugier, Marjolein Breur, Joanna Crawford, Judith van Gaalen, Meyke Schouten, Marjolaine Willems, Quinten Waisfisz, Frederic Tran Mau-Them, Richard J. Rodenburg, Ryan J. Taft, Boris Keren, John Christodoulou, Christel Depienne, Cas Simons, Gajja S. Salomons, Fanny Mochel
Neurology Mar 2019, 92 (11) e1225-e1237; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007098
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- Reader response: Biallelic variants in LARS2 and KARS cause deafness and (ovario)leukodystrophyDavide Tonduti and Simona OrcesiPublished March 06, 2019
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