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January 08, 2019; 92 (2) ArticleOpen Access

Tau imaging detects distinctive distribution of tau pathology in ALS/PDC on the Kii Peninsula

Hitoshi Shinotoh, Hitoshi Shimada, Yasumasa Kokubo, Kenji Tagai, Fumitoshi Niwa, Soichiro Kitamura, Hironobu Endo, Maiko Ono, Yasuyuki Kimura, Shigeki Hirano, Maya Mimuro, Masanori Ichise, Naruhiko Sahara, Ming-Rong Zhang, Tetsuya Suhara, Makoto Higuchi
First published December 7, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006736
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Article Information

vol. 92 no. 2 e136-e147
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006736
PubMed: 
30530797
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received May 15, 2018
  • Accepted in final form September 10, 2018
  • First Published December 7, 2018.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Author Disclosures

    1. Hitoshi Shinotoh, MD, PhD,
    2. Hitoshi Shimada, MD, PhD,
    3. Yasumasa Kokubo, MD, PhD,
    4. Kenji Tagai, MD,
    5. Fumitoshi Niwa, MD, PhD,
    6. Soichiro Kitamura, MD, PhD,
    7. Hironobu Endo, MD, PhD,
    8. Maiko Ono, PhD,
    9. Yasuyuki Kimura, MD, PhD,
    10. Shigeki Hirano, MD, PhD,
    11. Maya Mimuro, MD, PhD,
    12. Masanori Ichise, MD, PhD,
    13. Naruhiko Sahara, PhD,
    14. Ming-Rong Zhang, PhD,
    15. Tetsuya Suhara, MD, PhD and
    16. Makoto Higuchi, MD, PhD
  1. Hitoshi Shinotoh, MD, PhD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Neurology, editorial board, 2017-2018.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Hitoshi Shimada, MD, PhD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. I hold a patent on tau imaging agents (JP 5422782/EP 12 884 742.3).

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. The young scientists (A) (26713031) and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (18K07543) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Grants from the Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical Pharmaceutical Research, the Life Science Foundation of Japan, the Kashiwado Memorial Foundation, and the Japan Foundation for Aging and Health

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. I received royalty payment from APRINOIA Therapeutics Inc. in accordance with a license agreement between APRINOIA and my institution on the patent claiming inventions of tau imaging agents (JP 5422782/EP 12 884 742.3).

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Yasumasa Kokubo, MD, PhD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) the Research Committee of CNS Degenerative Diseases, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), Japan, H26-Nanchi- Ippan-085, collaborator, 2014 - 2016 (2) the Research Committee of Muro disease (Kii ALS/PDC), Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), Japan, 21210301, Chair, 2009-2014 (3) the Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), 25305030, Chair, 2013 - 2017 (4) the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED, 16ek0109139h002, Chair, 2015 - 2017

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. (1) the Mie Medical Fund, Japan (2) Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Kenji Tagai, MD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Fumitoshi Niwa, MD, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. (1) Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Soichiro Kitamura, MD, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Hironobu Endo, MD, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Maiko Ono, PhD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Yasuyuki Kimura, MD, PhD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) JSPS KAKENHI, JP18964417, P.I., 3 years, (2) JSPS KAKENHI, JP18973166, co-Investigator, 3 years, (3) JSPS KAKENHI, JP17913575, P.I., 3 years, (4) JSPS KAKENHI, JP15593412, , P.I., 3 years, (5) AMED, JP17lm0203007, co- Investigator, 3 years, (6) NCGG Research Funding for Longevity Sciences, 29- 29, P.I., 3 years

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Visiting lecturer, Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Shigeki Hirano, MD, PhD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1)Nihon medi-phisics Co., Ltd., honoraria.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Journal of Alzheimer's Diease, 2018.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1)Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd. (2)Ely-Lilly Japan

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. KAKENHI (Grant-in-aid for scientific research)26461307, 17K09793

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1)The Mazda Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Maya Mimuro, MD, PhD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Masanori Ichise, MD, PhD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Naruhiko Sahara, PhD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) The ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology, Japan, 26117001, principle investigator, 5 years, (2) The ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology, Japan, 15K06793, principle investigator, 3 years, (3) Japan agency for medical research and development, JP18dm0107062, co-investigator, 5 years.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Ming-Rong Zhang, PhD,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Tetsuya Suhara, MD, PhD and
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. International journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, editorial board 2004-

    Patents:

    1. I hold a patent on tau imaging agents (JP 5422782/EP 12 884 742.3).

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. AMED Grant Number JP H27 JP15dm0207007,H28 JP16dm0207007,H29 JP17dm0207007,H30 JP18dm0207007 (2015- 2018),H28 JP16dm0107094,H29 JP17dm0107094, H30 JP18dm0107094 (2016-2018).

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License fee payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. My institute made a license agreement with APRINOIA Therapeutica, Inc. on the patent claiming investigation of tau imaging agent(JP 5422782/EP 12 884 742.3).

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. I received royalty payment from APRINOIA Therapeutics. Inc. in accordance with a license agreement between APRINOIA and my institute on the payment claiming inventions of tau imaging agents (JP 5422782/EP 12 884 742.3).

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. Makoto Higuchi, MD, PhD
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. I hold a patent on tau imaging agents (JP 5422782/EP 12 884 742.3).

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Grants-in-aid for the Brain Mapping by Integrated Neurotechnologies for Disease Studies (Brain/MINDS; 15653129)from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Research and Development Grants for Dementia (16768966) from AMED Grants for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (?Brain Environment? 23111009) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License fee payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. My institution made a license agreement with APRINOIA Therapeutics, Inc. on the patent claiming inventions of tau imaging agents (JP 5422782/EP 12 884 742.3).

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. I received royalty payments from APRINOIA Therapeutics, Inc. in accordance with a license agreement between APRINOIA and my institution on the patent claiming inventions of tau imaging agents (JP 5422782/EP 12 884 742.3).

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Departments of Functional Brain Imaging Research (H. Shinotoh, H. Shimada, K.T., S.K., M.O., Y. Kimura, S.H., M.I., N.S., T.S., M.H.) and Radiopharmaceuticals Development (M.-R.Z.), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba; Neurology Clinic Chiba (H. Shinotoh); Kii ALS/PDC Research Center (Y. Kokubo), Mie University; Department of Neurology and Gerontology (F.N.), Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry (S.K.), Nara Medical University; Division of Neurology (H.E.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo; Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Department of Neurology (Y. Kimura), National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Chiba University; and Department of Neuropathology (M.M.), Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Shinotoh hitoshi.shinoto{at}nifty.com or Dr. Kokubo ktyktykty{at}me.com
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Disputes & Debates: Rapid online correspondence

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