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October 08, 2019; 93 (15) Article

Postictal serotonin levels are associated with peri-ictal apnea

Arun Murugesan, M.R. Sandhya Rani, Laura Vilella, Nuria Lacuey, Johnson P. Hampson, Carl L. Faingold, Daniel Friedman, Orrin Devinsky, Rup K. Sainju, Stephan Schuele, Beate Diehl, Maromi Nei, Ronald M. Harper, Lisa M. Bateman, George Richerson, Samden D. Lhatoo
First published September 4, 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008244
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Article Information

vol. 93 no. 15 e1485-e1494
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008244
PubMed: 
31484709
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received September 27, 2018
  • Accepted in final form May 15, 2019
  • First Published September 4, 2019.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2019 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Arun Murugesan, BA,
    2. M.R. Sandhya Rani, PhD,
    3. Laura Vilella, MD,
    4. Nuria Lacuey, MD, PhD,
    5. Johnson P. Hampson, MS,
    6. Carl L. Faingold, PhD,
    7. Daniel Friedman, MD,
    8. Orrin Devinsky, MD,
    9. Rup K. Sainju, MBBS,
    10. Stephan Schuele, MD, MPH,
    11. Beate Diehl, MD, PhD, FRCP,
    12. Maromi Nei,
    13. Ronald M. Harper, PhD,
    14. Lisa M. Bateman, MD,
    15. George Richerson, MD, PhD and
    16. Samden D. Lhatoo, MD, FRCP
  1. Arun Murugesan, BA,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. M.R. Sandhya Rani, PhD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Laura Vilella, MD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH/NINDS U01-NS090405 NIH/NINDS U01-NS090407

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Nuria Lacuey, MD, PhD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Johnson P. Hampson, MS,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Carl L. Faingold, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. Methods for treating respiratory depression with fenfluramine

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Faingold CL, Blumenfeld H. eds. Neuronal Networks in Brain Function, CNS Disorders, and Therapeutics. San Diego, CA: Elsevier/Academic Press; 2014

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Zogenix Inc

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Epilepsy Foundation (287813)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Daniel Friedman, MD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Receptor Life Sciences

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Medtronics (2) Neuropace, Inc (3) Epilepsy Foundation of America

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. (1) Subgaleal EEG monitor, patent pending

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. (1) Oxford University Press

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Eisai (2) Penumbra (3) Consultancy on behalf of the Epilepsy Study Consortium, a non-profit organization. Dr. Friedman receives no personal income for these activities. NYU receives a fixed amount from the Epilepsy Study Consortium towards Dr. Friedman’s salary. Within the past two years, The Epilepsy Study Consortium received payments for research services performed by Dr. Friedman from: Adamas, Biogen, Crossject, CuroNZ, Empatica, Engage Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, GW Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Takeda, Xenon, and Zynerba.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Neuropace (2) Empatica (3) Epitel (4) UCB, Inc

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NINDS, R01 NS062092, Site PI, 2018-2023 NINDS, R01 NS084142, Site PI, 2013-2018 NINDS, U01 NS090407, Site PI 2014-2019 NINDS, U01 NS0904515, Co-I, 2014-2019 NIMH, R01 MH07396, Co-I, 2015-2020 CDC, U48, DO005008-01S4, Co-I, 2014-2019

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Epilepsy Foundation of America

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. (1) Neuroview Technology, equity interest

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. (1) Neuroview Technology, future royalty payments Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: (1) Receptor Life Sciences, stock options

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Orrin Devinsky, MD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology; Oxford University Press, 2002 Epilepsy: Patient and Family Guide, Demos Press, 2008 Alternative Therapies for Epilepsy, Demos Press, 2012 Epilepsy In Children, Demos Press, 2015

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. I have consulted for GW Pharmaceuticals and Cavion

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. Scientific Advisory Board and/or Equity Interest for Pairnomix, Tevard, Egg Rock, Engage, Empatica, Rettco, Receptor Life Sciences and Tilray. Principal Investigator, North American SUDEP Registry and Sudden Unexplained Childhood Death Registry and Research Collaborative Funded by NINDS, NIMH, Dept of Defense, CDC

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. For research support: GW Pharmaceuticals Novartis Marinus PTC Pharma Ovid Pharma Engage Therapeutics Epilepsy Foundation

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Ongoing Support NIH U01 NS090407 (PI: S. Lhatoo) 09/30/14 – 7/31/2019 Center for SUDEP Research: Autonomic and Imaging Biomarkers of SUDEP The principal aim is to identify the central mechanisms and markers of autonomic and respiratory dysfunction that underlie the fatal scenario in SUDEP, and thus, provide insights into potential interventions. Role: Co-Investigator NIH U01 NS090415 (PIs: M. Thom, O. Devinsky) 9/30/14 – 7/31/2019 Center for SUDEP Research: The Neuropathology of SUDEP: The central autonomic network, serotonin and adenosine The proposed studies will leverage the world’s largest collection of SUDEP brains to explore the role of specific histopathological and biomolecular abnormalities in the brain, focusing on critical brainstem regions and the neurotransmitters serotonin and adenosine. Role: PI National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Promotion U48 DP 005008-01S4 (PIs: T. Spruill, O. Devinsky) 9/1/2014 – 8/31/2019 Managing Epilepsy Well: Adapting Project UPLIFT for Hispanic Adults with Epilepsy This project proposes to translate and culturally tailor Project UPLIFT for Hispanic patients, then test and disseminate the Spanish version. Project UPLIFT is an evidence-based intervention that incorporates cognitive behavioral and mindfulness techniques to reduce depression in adults with epilepsy. Role: Co-Investigator NIH R01 EB 018308 (PIs: K.T. Block, H. Chandarana) 9/1/2014 - 8/31/2019 Comprehensive Motion-Robust Pediatric MR Imaging Using Radial Acquisitions The proposed project aims to develop novel motion-robust magnetic resonance imaging techniques and evaluate them in clinical studies for imaging of pediatric patients with Tuberous Sclerosis. Role: Co-Investigator

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. Rettco - Stock Tevard - Stock Engage - Stock Pairnomix - Stock Tilray - Stock Options Receptor Life Sciences - Stock Egg Rock - Stock Empatica - Stock Rettco - Stock

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Rup K. Sainju, MBBS,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NINDS: Center for SUDEP Research: Respiratory and Arousal Mechanisms; Grant number# U01 NS090414. Role: Co-investigator

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Citizen United For Research in Epilepsy (CURE): CURE Epilepsy Award; Award ID # 411673,

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Stephan Schuele, MD, MPH,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Non-profit entities: Epilepsy Foundation of Greater Chicago

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Medical Problems of Performing Artists: Editorial Board (2) Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology: Editorial Board

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. (1)Sunovion (2)Eisai (3)Greenwich Biosciences

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1)National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Grant No: RFA-NS-14-004; Site-PI. 2014- 2019 (2) National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Grant No: R01-DC016364. Sub-PI. 2018-2023.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Danny Did Foundation.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Beate Diehl, MD, PhD, FRCP,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Seizure, European Journal of Epilepsy , Editorial Board member from 2011 Nervenarzt, Editorial Board member from 2011

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1. Epilepsy Research UK,PGE1302, PI, 2013-15. 2. NIH-NINDS Subaward RES508546, Local PI, 2013/14. 3.NIH-NINDS UO1NS090407; Subaward RES509426, Co-PI, 2014-2019

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Maromi Nei,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editorial board member: Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology, editorial board member, 2010 - present Journal of Neurology and Translational Neuroscience, 2013 – current, editorial board member Epilepsia, 2018, editorial board member

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH grant U-01 NS090407, Site PI, 2014-present

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Ronald M. Harper, PhD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. Kraig and Linda Kupiec Family Trust; Gift to support research efforts in migraine pain, private family gift

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Frontiers Autonomic Neuroscience, Editorial advisory board, 2017-2018, Frontiers Autonomic Neuroscience

    Patents:

    1. 1. PCT International Application No. PCT/US14/47642, filed July 22, 2014 Device, System and Method for Facilitating Breathing via Simulation of Limb Movement. Published January 29, 2015 Device uses neuromodulatory techniques to maintain breathing and prevent apnea 2. PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US14/66191, filed November 18, 2014. Device, System and Method for Reducing Headache Pain. Published May 21, 2015. Device uses neuromodulation of cranial and cervical nerves to reduce migraine and trigeminal neuropathy pain. 3. PCT/US2017/032214, WO 2017/197150. Priority Data 11 May 2016. Device, system and method for mechanical cutaneous nerve stimulation for pain, stroke, mood, breathing, movement, sleep, and vascular action. Published 16 November 2017. Devices use neuromodulatory techniques of peripheral nerve activation to reduce regional pain, induce sleep, stabilize breathing, suppress movement, and reduce blood pressure and heart rate.

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH/NINDS U01-NS090407, PI, 2014-2019, NIH/NINDS NIH/NINR 1R01 NR015038-01A1 Co-I, 2015-2019, NIH/NINR NIH/NINR 1R01NR013693-01A1, Co-I, 2013-2018 NIH/NINR

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1. Fidelity Charitable Nancy Adams and Scott Schoen Fund

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. Contractual rights to future royalty payments from PCT International Application No. PCT/US14/47642 Device, System and Method for Facilitating Breathing via Simulation of Limb Movement. Contractual rights to future royalty payments: PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US14/66191. Device, System and Method for Reducing Headache Pain. Contractual rights to future royalty payments: Device, system and method for mechanical cutaneous nerve stimulation for pain, stroke, mood, breathing, movement, sleep, and vascular action.

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Lisa M. Bateman, MD,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Clinical Neurophysiology, Editorial Board Member, 2017- 2019 (no compensation)

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1. NINDS, U01 NS090407, Co-investigator, 2014-2019 2. NINDS, R01 NS084142, Co-investigator, 2018-2019

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. George Richerson, MD, PhD and
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) NIH/NINDS – U01 NS090414, PI, 2014-2019 (2) NIH/NINDS – U01 NS090407, SubContract, 2014-2019

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. Samden D. Lhatoo, MD, FRCP
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH/NINDS U01-NS090405 NIH/NINDS U01-NS090407

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Neurology (A.M.), Case Western Reserve University; Department of Neurology (M.R.S.R., L.V., N.L., J.P.H., S.D.L.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Pharmacology and Neurology (C.L.F.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield; Department of Neurology (D.F., O.D.), New York University School of Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (R.K.S., G.R.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Institute of Neurology (B.D.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurobiology (R.M.H.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (L.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Center for SUDEP Research (M.R.S.R., L.V., N.L., D.F., O.D., R.K.S., S.S., B.D., M.N., R.M.H., L.M.B., G.R., S.D.L.), National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Rani M.R.Sandhya.Rani{at}uth.tmc.edu
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