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May 12, 2020; 94 (19) Article

Using network science tools to identify novel diet patterns in prodromal dementia

Cécilia Samieri, Abhijeet Rajendra Sonawane, Sophie Lefèvre-Arbogast, Catherine Helmer, Francine Grodstein, Kimberly Glass
First published April 22, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009399
Cécilia Samieri
From the University of Bordeaux (C.S., S.L.-A., C.H.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, France; Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.R.S., F.G., K.G.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Department of Epidemiology (F.G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Abhijeet Rajendra Sonawane
From the University of Bordeaux (C.S., S.L.-A., C.H.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, France; Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.R.S., F.G., K.G.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Department of Epidemiology (F.G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Sophie Lefèvre-Arbogast
From the University of Bordeaux (C.S., S.L.-A., C.H.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, France; Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.R.S., F.G., K.G.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Department of Epidemiology (F.G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Catherine Helmer
From the University of Bordeaux (C.S., S.L.-A., C.H.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, France; Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.R.S., F.G., K.G.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Department of Epidemiology (F.G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Francine Grodstein
From the University of Bordeaux (C.S., S.L.-A., C.H.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, France; Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.R.S., F.G., K.G.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Department of Epidemiology (F.G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Kimberly Glass
From the University of Bordeaux (C.S., S.L.-A., C.H.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, France; Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.R.S., F.G., K.G.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and Department of Epidemiology (F.G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Using network science tools to identify novel diet patterns in prodromal dementia
Cécilia Samieri, Abhijeet Rajendra Sonawane, Sophie Lefèvre-Arbogast, Catherine Helmer, Francine Grodstein, Kimberly Glass
Neurology May 2020, 94 (19) e2014-e2025; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009399

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Abstract

Objective To use network science to model complex diet relationships a decade before onset of dementia in a large French cohort, the 3-City Bordeaux study.

Methods We identified cases of dementia incident to the baseline food frequency questionnaire over 12 years of follow-up. For each case, we randomly selected 2 controls among individuals at risk at the age at case diagnosis and matched for age at diet assessment, sex, education, and season of the survey. We inferred food networks in both cases and controls using mutual information, a measure to detect nonlinear associations, and compared food consumption patterns between groups.

Results In the nested case-control study, the mean (SD) duration of follow-up and number of visits were 5.0 (2.5) vs 4.9 (2.6) years and 4.1 (1.0) vs 4.4 (0.9) for cases (n = 209) vs controls (n = 418), respectively. While there were few differences in simple, average food intakes, food networks differed substantially between cases and controls. The network in cases was focused and characterized by charcuterie as the main hub, with connections to foods typical of French southwestern diet and snack foods. In contrast, the network of controls included several disconnected subnetworks reflecting diverse and healthier food choices.

Conclusion How foods are consumed (and not only the quantity consumed) may be important for dementia prevention. Differences in predementia diet networks, suggesting worse eating habits toward charcuterie and snacking, were evident years before diagnosis in this cohort. Network methods, which are designed to model complex systems, may advance our understanding of risk factors for dementia.

Glossary

DASH=
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension;
DSM-IV=
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition;
FFQ=
food frequency questionnaire;
MeDi=
Mediterranean diet;
MI=
mutual information;
MIND=
Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay;
3C=
3-City

Footnotes

  • Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

  • ↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.

  • Received May 24, 2019.
  • Accepted in final form December 11, 2019.
  • © 2020 American Academy of Neurology
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