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June 02, 2020; 94 (22) Article

Transient hypoxemia induced by cortical electrical stimulation

A mapping study in 75 patients

Marine Loizon, Philippe Ryvlin, Benoit Chatard, Julien Jung, Romain Bouet, Marc Guenot, Laure Mazzola, Laurent Bezin, Sylvain Rheims
First published May 5, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009497
Marine Loizon
From the Departments of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (M.L., J.J., S.R.) and Functional Neurosurgery (M.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292 (B.C., J.J., R.B., M.G., L.M., L.B., S.R.), Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Neurology Department (L.M.), University Hospital, Saint-Etienne; and Epilepsy Institute (L.B., S.R.), Lyon, France.
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Philippe Ryvlin
From the Departments of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (M.L., J.J., S.R.) and Functional Neurosurgery (M.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292 (B.C., J.J., R.B., M.G., L.M., L.B., S.R.), Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Neurology Department (L.M.), University Hospital, Saint-Etienne; and Epilepsy Institute (L.B., S.R.), Lyon, France.
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Benoit Chatard
From the Departments of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (M.L., J.J., S.R.) and Functional Neurosurgery (M.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292 (B.C., J.J., R.B., M.G., L.M., L.B., S.R.), Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Neurology Department (L.M.), University Hospital, Saint-Etienne; and Epilepsy Institute (L.B., S.R.), Lyon, France.
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Julien Jung
From the Departments of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (M.L., J.J., S.R.) and Functional Neurosurgery (M.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292 (B.C., J.J., R.B., M.G., L.M., L.B., S.R.), Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Neurology Department (L.M.), University Hospital, Saint-Etienne; and Epilepsy Institute (L.B., S.R.), Lyon, France.
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Romain Bouet
From the Departments of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (M.L., J.J., S.R.) and Functional Neurosurgery (M.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292 (B.C., J.J., R.B., M.G., L.M., L.B., S.R.), Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Neurology Department (L.M.), University Hospital, Saint-Etienne; and Epilepsy Institute (L.B., S.R.), Lyon, France.
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Marc Guenot
From the Departments of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (M.L., J.J., S.R.) and Functional Neurosurgery (M.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292 (B.C., J.J., R.B., M.G., L.M., L.B., S.R.), Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Neurology Department (L.M.), University Hospital, Saint-Etienne; and Epilepsy Institute (L.B., S.R.), Lyon, France.
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Laure Mazzola
From the Departments of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (M.L., J.J., S.R.) and Functional Neurosurgery (M.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292 (B.C., J.J., R.B., M.G., L.M., L.B., S.R.), Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Neurology Department (L.M.), University Hospital, Saint-Etienne; and Epilepsy Institute (L.B., S.R.), Lyon, France.
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Laurent Bezin
From the Departments of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (M.L., J.J., S.R.) and Functional Neurosurgery (M.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292 (B.C., J.J., R.B., M.G., L.M., L.B., S.R.), Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Neurology Department (L.M.), University Hospital, Saint-Etienne; and Epilepsy Institute (L.B., S.R.), Lyon, France.
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Sylvain Rheims
From the Departments of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (M.L., J.J., S.R.) and Functional Neurosurgery (M.G.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.R.), Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292 (B.C., J.J., R.B., M.G., L.M., L.B., S.R.), Lyon's Neuroscience Research Center; Neurology Department (L.M.), University Hospital, Saint-Etienne; and Epilepsy Institute (L.B., S.R.), Lyon, France.
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Transient hypoxemia induced by cortical electrical stimulation
A mapping study in 75 patients
Marine Loizon, Philippe Ryvlin, Benoit Chatard, Julien Jung, Romain Bouet, Marc Guenot, Laure Mazzola, Laurent Bezin, Sylvain Rheims
Neurology Jun 2020, 94 (22) e2323-e2336; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009497

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Abstract

Objective To identify which cortical regions are associated with direct electrical stimulation (DES)–induced alteration of breathing significant enough to impair pulse oximetry (SpO2).

Methods Evolution of SpO2 after 1,352 DES was analyzed in 75 patients with refractory focal epilepsy who underwent stereo-EEG recordings. For each DES, we assessed the change in SpO2 from 30 seconds prior to DES onset to 120 seconds following the end of the DES. The primary outcome was occurrence of stimulation-induced transient hypoxemia as defined by decrease of SpO2 ≥5% within 60 seconds after stimulation onset as compared to pre-DES SpO2 or SpO2 nadir <90% during at least 5 seconds. Localization of the stimulated contacts was defined according to MarsAtlas brain parcellation and Freesurfer segmentation.

Results A stimulation-induced transient hypoxemia was observed after 16 DES (1.2%) in 10 patients (13%), including 6 in whom SpO2 nadir was <90%. Among these 16 DES, 7 (44%) were localized within the perisylvian cortex. After correction for individual effects and the varying number of DES contributed by each person, significant decrease of SpO2 was significantly associated with the localization of DES (p = 0.019).

Conclusion Though rare, a significant decrease of SpO2 could be elicited by cortical direct electrical stimulation outside the temporo-limbic structures, most commonly after stimulation of the perisylvian cortex.

Glossary

CI=
confidence interval;
DES=
direct electrical stimulation;
GCS=
generalized convulsive seizures;
OR=
odds ratio;
SA-SDQ=
Sleep Apnea Scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire;
SEEG=
stereo-EEG;
SITH=
stimulation-induced transient hypoxemia;
SUDEP=
sudden and unexpected death in epilepsy;
THdesat=
desaturation threshold

Footnotes

  • Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

  • Received May 20, 2019.
  • Accepted in final form November 26, 2019.
  • © 2020 American Academy of Neurology
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