January 21, 2020; 94 (3) Article
Association of CD14 with incident dementia and markers of brain aging and injury
Matthew P. Pase, Jayandra J. Himali, Alexa S. Beiser, Charles DeCarli, View ORCID ProfileEmer R. McGrath, View ORCID ProfileClaudia L. Satizabal, Hugo J. Aparicio, Hieab H.H. Adams, Alexander P. Reiner, W.T. Longstreth, Myriam Fornage, Russell P. Tracy, Oscar Lopez, Bruce M. Psaty, Daniel Levy, Sudha Seshadri, Joshua C. Bis
First published December 9, 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008682
Matthew P. Pase
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Jayandra J. Himali
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Alexa S. Beiser
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Charles DeCarli
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Emer R. McGrath
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Claudia L. Satizabal
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Hugo J. Aparicio
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Hieab H.H. Adams
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Alexander P. Reiner
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
W.T. Longstreth Jr
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Myriam Fornage
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Russell P. Tracy
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Oscar Lopez
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Bruce M. Psaty
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Daniel Levy
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Sudha Seshadri
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Joshua C. Bis
From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (M.P.P.), Boston; Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., C.L.S., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Framingham Heart Study (M.P.P., J.J.H., A.S.B., C.D., E.R.M., C.L.S., H.J.A., D.L., S.S.), MA; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology (M.P.P.), Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre (M.P.P.), The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health & The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.D.), School of Medicine & Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Sacramento; Departments of Epidemiology (H.H.H.A.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology (A.P.R., W.T.L., B.M.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (A.P.R.), Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology (M.F.), Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health (M.F.), and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T.) and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Department of Neurology (O.L.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; The Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (D.L.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (E.R.M.), Brigham & Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School (E.R.M.), Boston, MA.
Association of CD14 with incident dementia and markers of brain aging and injury
Matthew P. Pase, Jayandra J. Himali, Alexa S. Beiser, Charles DeCarli, Emer R. McGrath, Claudia L. Satizabal, Hugo J. Aparicio, Hieab H.H. Adams, Alexander P. Reiner, W.T. Longstreth, Myriam Fornage, Russell P. Tracy, Oscar Lopez, Bruce M. Psaty, Daniel Levy, Sudha Seshadri, Joshua C. Bis
Neurology Jan 2020, 94 (3) e254-e266; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008682
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Abstract
Objective To test the hypothesis that the inflammatory marker plasma soluble CD14 (sCD14) associates with incident dementia and related endophenotypes in 2 community-based cohorts.
Methods Our samples included the prospective community-based Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) cohorts. Plasma sCD14 was measured at baseline and related to the incidence of dementia, domains of cognitive function, and MRI-defined brain volumes. Follow-up for dementia occurred over a mean of 10 years (SD 4) in the FHS and a mean of 6 years (SD 3) in the CHS.
Results We studied 1,588 participants from the FHS (mean age 69 ± 6 years, 47% male, 131 incident events) and 3,129 participants from the CHS (mean age 72 ± 5 years, 41% male, 724 incident events) for the risk of incident dementia. Meta-analysis across the 2 cohorts showed that each SD unit increase in sCD14 was associated with a 12% increase in the risk of incident dementia (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.23; p = 0.01) following adjustments for age, sex, APOE ε4 status, and vascular risk factors. Higher levels of sCD14 were associated with various cognitive and MRI markers of accelerated brain aging in both cohorts and with a greater progression of brain atrophy and a decline in executive function in the FHS.
Conclusion sCD14 is an inflammatory marker related to brain atrophy, cognitive decline, and incident dementia.
Glossary
- 3MSE=
- Modified Mini-Mental State Examination;
- Aβ=
- β-amyloid;
- AD=
- Alzheimer disease;
- CD14=
- cluster of differentiation 14;
- CHS=
- Cardiovascular Health Study;
- CI=
- confidence interval;
- CRP=
- C-reactive protein;
- CVD=
- cardiovascular disease;
- DSM-IV=
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition;
- DSST=
- Digit Symbol Substitution Test;
- FHS=
- Framingham Heart Study;
- FLAIR=
- fluid-attenuated inversion recovery;
- HR=
- hazard ratio;
- IL-6=
- interleukin 6;
- mCD14=
- membrane-bound cluster of differentiation 14;
- MMSE=
- Mini-Mental State Examination;
- NSAID=
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
- sCD14=
- soluble cluster of differentiation 14;
- SPGR=
- spoiled gradient-recalled echo;
- WMHV=
- white matter hyperintensity volume
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
↵* These authors contributed equally as co–first authors.
↵† These authors contributed equally as co–senior authors.
- Received January 22, 2019.
- Accepted in final form July 18, 2019.
- © 2019 American Academy of Neurology
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