Stroke risk, phenotypes, and death in COVID-19

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.

From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.F., M.B.B., P.S., C.J., D.B.D., T.E.G., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Department of Medicine (R.B.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.A.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (R.B., D.A.S., L.A.S.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Heart & Brain Laboratory (A.J.-R., L.A.S.), and Robarts Research Institute (L.A.S.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Neuquén (P.C.), Argentina; Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute (D.V.-D., I.L.), Baptist Hospital Neuroscience Center, FL; Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital (A.S.-R.) and Immunogenetics Research Center (N.K.), Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; and Lawson Health Research Institute (L.A.S.), London, Ontario, Canada.