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August 04, 2020; 95 (5) Article

Antithrombotic treatment in patients with stroke and supracardiac atherosclerosis

Dimitrios Sagris, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Ioannis Leventis, Konstantinos Pateras, Lesly A. Pearce, Eleni Korompoki, Konstantinos Makaritsis, Konstantinos Vemmos, Haralampos Milionis, View ORCID ProfileGeorge Ntaios
First published July 6, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009823
Dimitrios Sagris
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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Georgios Georgiopoulos
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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Ioannis Leventis
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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Konstantinos Pateras
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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Lesly A. Pearce
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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Eleni Korompoki
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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Konstantinos Makaritsis
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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Konstantinos Vemmos
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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Haralampos Milionis
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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George Ntaios
From the Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., I.L., K.M., G.N.), Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (G.G.), King's College, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Research Support (K.P.), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; biostatistics consultant (L.A.P.), Minot, ND; Department of Clinical Therapeutics (E.K., K.V.), Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Greece; Imperial College London (E.K.), UK; and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (H.M.), University of Ioannina, Greece.
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  • ORCID record for George Ntaios
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Antithrombotic treatment in patients with stroke and supracardiac atherosclerosis
Dimitrios Sagris, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Ioannis Leventis, Konstantinos Pateras, Lesly A. Pearce, Eleni Korompoki, Konstantinos Makaritsis, Konstantinos Vemmos, Haralampos Milionis, George Ntaios
Neurology Aug 2020, 95 (5) e499-e507; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009823

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Abstract

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulants vs antiplatelets in patients with stroke and atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic arch or cervical or intracranial arteries, collectively described as supracardiac atherosclerosis.

Methods We searched PubMed and Scopus until August 28, 2019, for randomized trials comparing oral anticoagulants vs antiplatelets in patients with stroke and supracardiac atherosclerosis using the terms “anticoagulant or anticoagulation” and “antiplatelet or aspirin” and “randomized controlled trial or RCT” and “stroke or cerebral ischemia” and “aortic or carotid or vertebrobasilar or intracranial or atherosclerosis or stenosis or arterial.” Four outcomes were assessed: recurrent ischemic stroke, major ischemic event or death, major bleeding, and intracranial bleeding. Treatment effects (relative risk [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) were estimated by meta-analysis using random-effects models.

Results Among 1,117 articles identified in the literature search, results from 10 randomized controlled trials involving 6,068 patients with stroke/TIA with supracardiac atherosclerosis were included in the meta-analysis. Recurrent ischemic stroke rates were 2.94 per 100 patient-years in the anticoagulant-assigned patients vs 3.30 per 100 patient-years in the antiplatelet-assigned patients (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.70–1.18 for the SJ estimator, I2 = 26%). Major ischemic event or death rates were 4.39 per 100 patient-years in anticoagulant-assigned patients vs 4.32 in antiplatelet-assigned patients (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.79–1.35; I2 = 54.5%). Major bleeding rates were 2.88 per 100 patient-years in anticoagulant-assigned patients vs 0.82 in antiplatelet-assigned patients (RR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.96–5.24; I2 = 46%).

Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that anticoagulant-assigned patients with stroke and supracardiac atherosclerosis were not at different risk of ischemic stroke recurrence and increased risk of major bleeding compared to antiplatelet-assigned patients.

Glossary

CI=
confidence interval;
CrI=
credible interval;
HK=
Hartung and Knapp;
HR=
hazard ratio;
RCT=
randomized controlled trial;
RR=
relative risk

Footnotes

  • Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

  • Received October 8, 2019.
  • Accepted in final form January 9, 2020.
  • © 2020 American Academy of Neurology
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