Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1 Disease Course in the 6 Patients
Details of the disease courses in individual patients, including viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs as index. Vertical arrow indicates time of lumbar puncture. Geometric symbols on dashed line are individual as also seen in figure 2. Patient 1 died during the study period. Patient 2 was still admitted at the time of manuscript submission. Patients 3 through 6 were discharged. Patients 1 and 2 were treated with chloroquine phosphate; patient 5 was treated with remdesivir. ICU = intensive care unit; NPH = nasopharynx.
- Figure 2 Viral and Biomarker Measurements
(A) CSF white blood cell was <3 cells/µL in all patients; symbol shape and colors apply to the patient number and are used in all panels. (B) Albumin ratios and immunoglobulin G (IgG) index values were all in the normal range. The median (range) albumin ratio was 5.35 (4.3–9.7) with a reference value of <10.2, and median (range) IgG index was 0.39 (0.32–0.43) with a reference value of <0.63. (C) CSF neopterin concentrations were elevated in all patients. Median (range) CSF neopterin concentrations were 43.0 (26.7–50.0) nmol/L with an upper normal reference value of 5.8 nmol/L (CSF). CSF β2-microglobulin (β2M) was elevated in 5 of 5 measured CSF samples. Median (range) CSF β2M concentration was 3.1 (1.6–7.2) mg/L with an upper normal reference value of 1.8 mg/L. Both normal reference values are indicated by dashed lines. (D) CSF neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) was increased in 2 patients. The median (range) age-adjusted CSF NfL (65 years of age) was 974 (669–1998) ng/L with an upper normal reference value of 1,577 ng/L.
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- Reader response: CSF biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 and neurological symptoms: A case series
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