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January 19, 2021; 96 (3) Article

Scan-Negative Cauda Equina Syndrome

A Prospective Cohort Study

Ingrid Hoeritzauer, Alan Carson, Patrick Statham, Jalesh N. Panicker, Voula Granitsiotis, Maria Eugenicos, David Summers, Andreas K. Demetriades, Jon Stone
First published November 11, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011154
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Article Information

vol. 96 no. 3 e433-e447
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011154
PubMed: 
33177221
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received January 29, 2020
  • Accepted in final form September 4, 2020
  • First Published November 11, 2020.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2020 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Ingrid Hoeritzauer, MRCP,
    2. Alan Carson, FRCPsych,
    3. Patrick Statham, FRCS,
    4. Jalesh N. Panicker, FRCP,
    5. Voula Granitsiotis, MRCS,
    6. Maria Eugenicos, FRCP, PhD,
    7. David Summers, FRCP,
    8. Andreas K. Demetriades, FRCS and
    9. Jon Stone, FRCP, PhD
  1. Ingrid Hoeritzauer, MRCP,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. The ABN/Patrick Berthoud Charitable Trust funded my clinical research training fellowship.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Alan Carson, FRCPsych,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Executive Member Neuropsychiatry Board Royal College of Psychiatrists (non profit non salaried)

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Not for profitHarvard Concussion Forum travel and $1000 honorariumAlberta Psychiatric Association travel $1000 honorariumNeurodegeneration Poland travel $1000 honorarium

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Handbook of Neurology : Functional Neurological Disorders

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. Unpaid treasurer Functional Neurological Disorders SocietyProvide indepedent testimony in Court on a range of neuropsychiatric topics 50% pursuer:50% defender

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIHR (UK)CODES trialPhysio4FND

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Patrick Statham, FRCS,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Jalesh N. Panicker, FRCP,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. 1. Wellspect, speaker honoraria2. Novartis, speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Neurourology and Urodynamics, Editorial board, from 2019 onwards

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Neurorehabilitation Therapy and Therapeutics, 2018, Cambridge University Press

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Voula Granitsiotis, MRCS,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. consultant for Medtronic Consultant for Allergan

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. commercial speaker for coloplast ( received honoraria)

    Editorial Boards:

    1. BJUI ( knowledge)British Journal of Urology International-reviewer 2015-2019

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. consultancies for :Allergan, Medtronic , Coloplast, Contura

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Maria Eugenicos, FRCP, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. David Summers, FRCP,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Andreas K. Demetriades, FRCS and
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Jon Stone, FRCP, PhD
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Speaker honoraria from the Movement Disorders Society

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editorial Board for Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry and Journal of Psychosomatic research

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Conversion Disorder (4 articles) - UptoDate since 2014

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. National Research Strategy Career Fellow with NHS Scotland

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. runs a free self-help website for patients with functional disorders www.neurosymptoms.org.

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. Expert witness work in relation to personal injury and medical negligence.

  1. From the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (I.H., A.C., A.K.D., J.S.), University of Edinburgh;Departments of Clinical Neurosciences (I.H., A.C., P.S., A.K.D., J.S.), Neurosurgery (P.S., A.K.D.), Urology (V.G.), Gastroenterology (M.E.), and Neuroradiology (D.S.), Western General Hospital;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (A.C.), NHS Lothian, Edinburgh;Department of Uro-Neurology (J.N.P.), The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London; andEdinburgh Spinal Surgery Outcomes Study Group (I.H., P.S., A.K.D.), UK.
  1. Correspondence
    Ingrid Hoeritzauer Ingrid.hoeritzauer{at}ed.ac.uk
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Cited By...

Disputes & Debates: Rapid online correspondence

  • Reader Response: Scan-Negative Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study
    • Nathan Beucler, Neurosurgery resident, Sainte-Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France
    Submitted February 28, 2021
  • Author Response: “Scan-negative” cauda equina syndrome: A prospective cohort study
    • Ingrid Hoeritzauer, Neurologist, 1. Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburg, UK 2. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary
    • Alan Carson, Professor of Neuropsychiatry, 1. Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh 2. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary Hospital
    • Patrick Statham, Consultant Neurosurgeon, 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Infirmary Hospital Edinburgh, UK 2. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary
    • Andreas Demetriades, Consultant Neurosurgeon, 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, UK
    • Jon Stone, Professor of Neurology, 1. Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburg, UK 2. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary
    Submitted January 04, 2021
  • Reader response: “Scan-negative” cauda equina syndrome: A prospective cohort study
    • Aymeric Amelot, neurosurgeon and specialist of medullar cord lesion, Département de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital de Bretonneau, Tours, France and INSERM U1253, faculté de Tours, France, Tours
    • Alexia Planty-Bonjour, Neurosurgeon, Département de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital de Bretonneau, Tours, France and INSERM U1253, faculté de Tours, France, Tours
    • Louis-Marie Terrier, Neurosurgeon and neurophysiologist, Département de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital de Bretonneau, Tours, France and INSERM U1253, faculté de Tours, France, Tours
    Submitted December 17, 2020
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