Effect of Disease-Modifying Therapy on Disability in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Over 15 Years
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Article Information
- Received June 13, 2019
- Accepted in final form September 23, 2020
- First Published December 28, 2020.
Article Versions
- Previous version (December 28, 2020 - 12:45).
- You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Author Disclosures
- Tomas Kalincik, MD, PhD,
- Ibrahima Diouf, PhD,
- Sifat Sharmin, PhD,
- Charles Malpas, PhD,
- Tim Spelman, MBBS, PhD,
- Dana Horakova, MD, PhD,
- Eva Kubala Havrdova, MD, PhD,
- Maria Trojano, MD,
- Guillermo Izquierdo, MD,
- Alessandra Lugaresi, MD, PhD,
- Alexandre Prat, MD, PhD,
- Marc Girard, MD,
- Pierre Duquette, MD,
- Pierre Grammond, MD,
- Vilija Jokubaitis, PhD,
- Anneke van der Walt, MD, PhD,
- Francois Grand'Maison, MD,
- Patrizia Sola, MD, PhD,
- Diana Ferraro, MD,
- Vahid Shaygannejad, MD,
- Raed Alroughani, MD,
- Raymond Hupperts, MD, PhD,
- Murat Terzi, MD,
- Cavit Boz, MD,
- Jeannette Lechner-Scott, MD, PhD,
- Eugenio Pucci, MD,
- Vincent Van Pesch, MD, PhD,
- Franco Granella, MD,
- Roberto Bergamaschi, MD,
- Daniele Spitaleri, MD,
- Mark Slee, BMBS, PhD,
- Steve Vucic, MBBS, PhD,
- Radek Ampapa, MD,
- Pamela McCombe, MBBS,
- Cristina Ramo-Tello, MD,
- Julie Prevost, MD,
- Javier Olascoaga, MD,
- Edgardo Cristiano, MD,
- Michael Barnett, MBBS, PhD,
- Maria Laura Saladino, MD,
- Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo, MD,
- Suzanne Hodgkinson, MBBS, PhD,
- Csilla Rozsa, MD,
- Stella Hughes, MD,
- Fraser Moore, MD,
- Cameron Shaw, MBBS, PhD,
- Ernest Butler, MBBS,
- Olga Skibina, MD,
- Orla Gray, MD,
- Allan Kermode, MBBS, PhD,
- Tunde Csepany, MD,
- Bhim Singhal, MD,
- Neil Shuey, MBBS,
- Imre Piroska, MD,
- Bruce Taylor, MD, PhD,
- Magdolna Simo, MD,
- Carmen-Adella Sirbu, MD,
- Attila Sas, MD,
- Helmut Butzkueven, MBBS, PhD;
- on behalf of the MSBase Study Group
- Tomas Kalincik, MD, PhD,
(1) Novartis, (2) Merck, (3) Biogen, (4) Roche, (5) Genzyme-Sanofi, (6) Celgene
NONE
(1) Novartis, compensation for travel and speaker honoraria (2) Biogen, compensation for travel and speaker honoraria (3) Genzyme-Sanofi, compensation for travel and speaker honoraria (4) Teva, speaker honoraria (5) Merck, compensation for travel and speaker honoraria (6) WebMD Global, speaker honoraria (7) Roche, speaker honoraria (8) BioCSL, speaker honoraria
(1) Multiple Sclerosis Journal, editorial board member, since 2018 (2) Neurology and Clinical Practice, editorial board member, since 2020 (3) BMC Neurology, associate editor 2017-2018 (4) Frontiers in Neurology, reviewer editor 2017-2018
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(1) Novartis, (2) Biogen, (3) Genzyme-Sanofi, (4) Teva, (5) Merck, (6) WebMD Global, (7) Roche, (8) BioCSL, (9) Roche
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(1) Biogen
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(1) University of Melbourne
(1) National Health and Medical Research Council, (2) MS Research Australia, (3) Medical Research Future Fund, (4) Australian Research Council, (5) MS Society, UK, (6) EDMUS and ARSEP Foundations
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- Ibrahima Diouf, PhD,
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- Sifat Sharmin, PhD,
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- Charles Malpas, PhD,
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- Tim Spelman, MBBS, PhD,
T. Spelman has received compensation for serving on scientific advisory boards from Biogen
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- Dana Horakova, MD, PhD,
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Dr. Horakova received compensation for travel, speaker honoraria and consultant fees from Biogen Idec, Novartis, Merck, Bayer, Sanofi Genzyme, Roche, and Teva.
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Support for research activities from Biogen Idec.
Support by the Czech Ministry of Education project Progres Q27/LF1.
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- Eva Kubala Havrdova, MD, PhD,
MT has served on scientific Advisory Boards for Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Almirall, Roche and Genzyme
NONE
M.T. received honoraria for travel, consultancy or speaking from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi, Merck Serono, Teva,Genzyme, and Novartis
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M Trojano received research support for her Institution by Novartis, Biogen, Roche, and Merck
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- Maria Trojano, MD,
MT has served on scientific Advisory Boards for Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Almirall, Roche and Genzyme
NONE
M.T. received honoraria for travel, consultancy or speaking from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi, Merck Serono, Teva,Genzyme, and Novartis
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M Trojano received research support for her Institution by Novartis, Biogen, Roche, and Merck
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- Guillermo Izquierdo, MD,
Bayer, Biogen-Idec, Roche, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Merck Serono, Actelion, Celgene and Teva.
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Sanofi Genzyme, Roche, Novartis.
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- Alessandra Lugaresi, MD, PhD,
(1) Biogen, (2) Merck Serono, (3) Novartis, (4) Roche, (5) Sanofi- Genzyme, (6)Teva
NONE
(1)Biogen, travel and speaker honoraria, (2)Merck Serono, travel and speaker honoraria, (3) Novartis, travel and speaker honoraria, (4) Roche, travel and speaker honoraria, (5) Sanofi-Genzyme, travel and speaker honoraria, (6)Teva, travel and speaker honoraria
(1) BMC Neurology, associate editor, 2016-2020
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NONE
NONE
(1)Biogen, (2)Merck Serono, (3) Novartis, (4) Roche, (5) Sanofi- Genzyme and (6)Teva
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Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, non profit observational and interventional studies MS-BASE foundation profit and non-profit observational studies
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(1) Bayer (2) Biogen (3) Merck Serono (4) Novartis (5) Roche (6) Sanofi-Genzyme (7) Teva
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NONE
(1) AISM (Associazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla),
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- Alexandre Prat, MD, PhD,
Biogen, EMD Serono, Teva, Celgene
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(1) Multiple Sclerosis Journal, associate editor; (2) Cellular Immunology, associate editor
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1-CIHR 2-MSSC 3-PMSA
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- Marc Girard, MD,
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- Pierre Duquette, MD,
Member of advisory boards for Biogen-Idec, EMD Serono, Novartis, TEVANeuroscience, Genzyme.
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Shared patent for a cellular adhesion molecule.
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Organisation of CME activities with Biogen-Idec, EMD Serono, Novartis, TEVANeuroscience, Genzyme.
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Investigator-initiated study funded by Biogen-Idec, by Novartis,EMD Serono, and by Genzyme.
CIHR grant (co-investigator). MS Society of Canada (co-investigator).
MS Society of Canada.
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- Pierre Grammond, MD,
(1) Biogen idec (2) Merk Serono (3) Roche (4) Novartis (5) Alexion
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(1) Funding for travel to congress followed by a speak on a congress, Biogen idec
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(1) Biogen Idec (2) Roche
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(1) MSBase Foundation
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- Vilija Jokubaitis, PhD,
NONE
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(1) Merck Serono, funding for conference travel. (2) Biogen, speaker honoraria (3) Roche, funding for conference travel and speaker honoraria
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National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Project Grant (1156519), Chief Investigator, 4 years
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Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia (MSRA) fellowship (16-206), Research Fellow, 3 years
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- Anneke van der Walt, MD, PhD,
MT has served on scientific Advisory Boards for Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Almirall, Roche and Genzyme
NONE
M.T. received honoraria for travel, consultancy or speaking from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi, Merck Serono, Teva,Genzyme, and Novartis
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M Trojano received research support for her Institution by Novartis, Biogen, Roche, and Merck
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- Francois Grand'Maison, MD,
Commercial entities: Serono
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Ad board for Alexion and Roche. Honoraria.
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Commercial entities: Novartis, Genzyme, Mitsubishi, BiogenIdec, Sanofi, Genetech, Chugai, Opexa Therapeutics
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- Patrizia Sola, MD, PhD,
MT has served on scientific Advisory Boards for Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Almirall, Roche and Genzyme
NONE
M.T. received honoraria for travel, consultancy or speaking from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi, Merck Serono, Teva,Genzyme, and Novartis
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M Trojano received research support for her Institution by Novartis, Biogen, Roche, and Merck
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- Diana Ferraro, MD,
Advisory Board for Biogen, Merck and Roche
NONE
1)Merck Serono, travel and speaker honoraria 2)TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries, travel and speaker honoraria 3)Novartis, travel and speaker honoraria 4)Biogen Idec, travel and speaker honoraria 5)Sanofi-Genzyme, travel honoraria
BMC Neurology, Associate Editor since 2018
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- Vahid Shaygannejad, MD,
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- Raed Alroughani, MD,
Dr. Alroughani served in scientific advisory boards of Novartis, Bayer, Merck-Sorono, Roche, Biogen, Sanofi-Geznyme
NONE
Dr Alroughani received speaker and travel honoraria from Novartis, Bayer, Merck-Sorono, Biogen, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme and GSK
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Received research grant from Biogen, Novartis and Sanofi-Genzyme
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- Raymond Hupperts, MD, PhD,
I have received honoraria for scientific Advisory boards from: Biogen-Idec, Merck, Genzyme-Sanofi.
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I have received Speaker's honoraria from; Biogen Idec, Genzyme-Sanofi and MERCK.
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I have received PhD financial support from Biogen-Idec and Merck.
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- Murat Terzi, MD,
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received travel grants from Novartis, Bayer Schering, Merck Serono and Teva
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has participated in clinical trials by Sanofi Aventis, Roche and Novartis.
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- Cavit Boz, MD,
MT has served on scientific Advisory Boards for Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Almirall, Roche and Genzyme
NONE
M.T. received honoraria for travel, consultancy or speaking from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi, Merck Serono, Teva,Genzyme, and Novartis
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M Trojano received research support for her Institution by Novartis, Biogen, Roche, and Merck
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- Jeannette Lechner-Scott, MD, PhD,
I have served in the past on advisory boards for Bayer Health care, Merck Serono, Biogen, Novartis, CSL, Genzyme- Sanofi, Roche and TEVA.
NONE
I have accepted travel compensation and honoraria from Biogen, Roche, Novartis and Merck Serono.
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Scientific project support from (1) Biogen and (2) Novartis
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Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle Australia
John Hunter Hospital Charitable Trust
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- Eugenio Pucci, MD,
NONE
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PLOSONE MUTATION RESEARCH - REVIEW IN MUTATION rESEARCH FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
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Associazione marchigiana sclerosi multipla e altre malattie neurologiche (local no-profit entity)
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- Vincent Van Pesch, MD, PhD,
(1) Biogen (2)Sanofi (3) Roche (4) Novartis Pharma (5) Merck (6) BMS-Celgene
NONE
(1) Biogen: travel funding and speaker honoraria (2)Sanofi: travel funding and speaker honoraria (3) Merck: travel funding (4) Roche: travel funding and speaker honoraria (5) Celgene: travel funding
(1) Acta Neurologica Belgica, associate editor, since 2014.
NONE
NONE
NONE
(1)Sanofi (2)Roche (3)Novartis Pharma (4)Biogen (5) Merck (6) BMS-Celgene
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(1) Sanofi (2) Roche (3) Novartis Pharma
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(1) Fondation Louvain (2) Charcot Foundation Belgium (3) Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique
NONE
NONE
NONE
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- Franco Granella, MD,
(1)Biogen(2) Novartis (3) Sanofi Genzyme (4) Merck Serono (5) Roche
NONE
(1) Biogen (2) Novartis (3) Merck Serono (4)Sanofi Genzyme (5) Roche
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(1) Sanofi Genzyme (2) Biogen
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- Roberto Bergamaschi, MD,
RB has served on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Merck- Serono, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme
NONE
RB received funding for travels and congresses from Biogen, Roche, Merck-Serono, Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva received honoraria for speaking engagement Biogen, Merck- Serono, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme
BMC Neurology, Associated Editor, 2011-2016 Multiple Sclerosis International, Editorial board member, 2011 Clinical Forum, Editorial board member, 2010
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RB received research support from Bayer, Almirall, Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme
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- Daniele Spitaleri, MD,
(1) C.I.C. Edizioni Internazionali
NONE
(1) Novartis, (2) Bayer, (3) Biogen, (4) TEVA, (5) Merck- Serono, (6) Sanofi-Aventis
NONE
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(1)Novartis, (2)Bayer, (3) Sanofi-Aventis
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(1) Merck-Serono (2) Novartis (3) Schering
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- Mark Slee, BMBS, PhD,
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Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Grant as AI for Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Study.
Research Grant funding from Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre Foundation.
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- Steve Vucic, MBBS, PhD,
1. MND Research Institute of Australia 2. Genzyme-Sanofi Australia 3. Merck Serono Australia 4. Brain Foundation Australia 5. CSL Australia
1. CSL Australia- Advisory Board member 2. Merck-Serono- Consultant 3. Sanofi-Genzyme- Honorarium 4. National Health & Medical Research Council-Project Grant
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1. Web Editor-JNNP 2. Editorial Board Clinical Neurophysiology
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1. Merck Serono Pty Ltd Australia
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1. National Health and Medical Research Council-Project Grant (2).
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- Radek Ampapa, MD,
Scientific advisory board for Novartis, Roche, Biogen and Merck.
NONE
Travel compensation from Biogen, Merck and Sanofi.
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- Pamela McCombe, MBBS,
Scientific advisory board for Biogen, Merck, Novartis
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Frontiers in Neurology Associate Editor
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- Cristina Ramo-Tello, MD,
NONE
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(1)Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis, Almirall, Merck, Roche: Travel to attend conferences (2)Spanish Society of Neurology (non-profit entity): Honoraria for speaking engagements
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Fees for medical marketing companies
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Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis, Almirall
(1)Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Spain Proyecto FIS PI16/01737
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- Julie Prevost, MD,
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congress, ECTRIMS refund
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- Javier Olascoaga, MD,
Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Novartis, Roche and TEVA
NONE
Biogen-Idec, Bayer-Schering, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis and Teva
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Dr. Olascoaga serves on scientific advisory boards for Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Novartis, Roche and TEVA; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen-Idec, Bayer-Schering, Genzyme, Merck- Serono, Novartis and Teva and receives research grants from Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis and Teva.
NONE
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- Edgardo Cristiano, MD,
(1)Biogen, (1)Merck, (1) Novartis
NONE
(1) Genzyme, (1) Novartis, (1) Roche
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NONE
NONE
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- Michael Barnett, MBBS, PhD,
1.Novartis, scientific advisory board 2.Alexion,scientific advisory board
NONE
1. Merck, Conference Travel (2019 ECTRIMS)
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NONE
(1) Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre, (2) RxMx Corp.
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1. Novartis, Research Grant support 2. Genzyme-Sanofi, Research Grant Support 3. Biogen, Research Grant Support
(1) Australian Government, CRC-P Grant, PI, 2018-2021, (2) Australian Government, MRFF Grant, PI, 2020-2023
1. MS Research Australia, Project Grant:
Nerve Research Foundation, The University of Sydney Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: (1) RxMx Corp.
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- Maria Laura Saladino, MD,
NONE
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- Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo, MD,
NONE
NONE
(1) Novartis, funding for travel to conference. (2) Merck, funding for travel to conference. (3) Biogen, funding for travel to conference. (4) Biogen, speaker honoraria. (5) Novartis, speaker honoraria. (6) Sanofi, speaker honoraria. (7) Merck, speaker honoraria. (8) Almirall, speaker honoraria. (9) Roche, speaker honoraria. (10) Bayer, speaker honoraria. (11) Teva, speaker honoraria.
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(1) Biogen, clinical trial. (2) Sanofi, clinical trial. (3) Merck, clinical trial.
NONE
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NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
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- Suzanne Hodgkinson, MBBS, PhD,
Commercial pharma MERCK Novartis Bayer Atara Biogen Roche
NONE
MERCK - Advisory boards, travel Novartis- Advisory boards, travel Biogen - Advisory boards, travel Roche - Advisory boards, travel Atara - Advisory boards, Travel
NONE
The role of cytokine IL-5 in antigen specific T cell tolerance
NONE
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Monitoring of activated Tcells in cladribine patients 75,0000 Merck
NH&MRC project grant 2013-2016
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Csilla Rozsa, MD,
(1)Merck, (2) Biogen, (3) Novartis, (4) Sanofi-Genzyme, (5) Roche
NONE
(1) Merck, (2) Biogen, (3) Novartis, (4) Roche
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
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- Stella Hughes, MD,
NONE
NONE
(1) Roche - travel and speaking honoraria (2) Biogen - speaking honoraria (3) Merck Serono - speaking honoraria
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- Fraser Moore, MD,
NONE
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Participated in clinical trial sponsored by Novartis
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- Cameron Shaw, MBBS, PhD,
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- Ernest Butler, MBBS,
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- Olga Skibina, MD,
Have worked on advisory boards of Roche, Merck, Sanofi Genzyme
NONE
1.Travel grants from Roche, Sanofi Gezyme and Merck 2. Speaker honoraria from Sanofi Genzime, Merck, Novartis
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- Orla Gray, MD,
Scientific Advisory Board for Biogen
NONE
Funding for travel - Roche Speakers honoraria - Biogen and Merck Serono
NONE
NONE
Fast facts: Multiple Sclerosis 4 th Edition
NONE
NONE
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One year fundinding for MS Research Registrar from Merck Serono
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- Allan Kermode, MBBS, PhD,
Biogen-Idec; Merck; Novartis; Bayer; Sanofi-Aventis
NONE
Biogen-Idec; Merck; Novartis; Bayer; Sanofi-Aventis
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
Biogen-Idec; Merck; Novartis; Bayer; Sanofi-Aventis
Biogen-Idec; Merck; Novartis; Bayer; Sanofi-Aventis
Biogen-Idec; Merck; Novartis; Bayer; Sanofi-Aventis
NONE
Biogen-Idec; Merck; Novartis; Bayer; Sanofi-Aventis
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
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- Tunde Csepany, MD,
Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, TEVA
NONE
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- Bhim Singhal, MD,
NONE
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Chairing MS related meeting of Eisai in India during COVID period - non-profit Signature: bssinghal / Bhim Singhal Date: August 13, 2020
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- Neil Shuey, MBBS,
(1) Commercial or non-profit entity: Advisory Boards for Roche, Merck Serono
NONE
(1) Commercial or non-profit entity, travel honoraria: Funding from Biogen, Novartis
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
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- Imre Piroska, MD,
NONE
NONE
(1) Biogen - travel @ accomodation cost to congress, cost of registarion to congress, speaker honoraria (2) Sanofi - travel @ accomodation cost to congress, cost of registarion to congress, speaker honoraria (3) Merck - travel @ accomodation cost to congress, cost of registarion to congress, speaker honoraria (4) Roche - speaker honoraria
NONE
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- Bruce Taylor, MD, PhD,
Biogen Idec Tecfidera advisory board Australia Novartis Gilenya advisory board Genzyme International advisory board Roche Advisory Board Merck Advisory Board
NONE
Funding to travel to World Congress of MS Montreal September 2008 from Bayer Schering Pharma Pty Ltd Funding for travel and accommodation from MS Society of Western Australia to speak at their 2008 scientific. meeting. Funding from Bayer Schering Pharma to present a series of lectures in South East Asia March 2008 Invited Guest speaker at Asia pacific MS forum funded by Bayer Schering Pharma Pty Ltd Invited guest speaker INDAPS meeting Melbourne Nov 2008 funded by CSL Pty Ltd Austrlaia. Funding to travel to AAN meeting Seattle 2009 from Bayer Schering Pharma. Funding to travel to ECTRIMS Gothenberg 2010 from Bayer Schering Pharma. Funding to travel to ECTRIMS meeting Lyon France 2012 from Bayer Schering. Funding to travel to AAN San Diego 2013from Novartis. Funding to Travel to ECTRIMS 2013 from Novartis Funding to attend ECTRIMs 2015 from Novartis Funding to attend AN Philadelphia 2019 from Merck Funding to attend ECCTRIMS 2019 From Roche
Journla of Neurology Neurosrugery and Psychiatry Editorial Board From Jan 2013 Associate Editor BMJ open Neurology 2019 to date. Associate Editor Frontiers I Neurology 2018 - date
NONE
NONE
Honoraria received from MS society of Western Australia for speaking at the 2008 Scientific meeting
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NHMRC australia project grant support.2008-10.490020, 2009 544922 2010 2012 1047180 2013-2016 101295 HRC New Zealand project grant support.2007-8 05/524 National MS Society of USA project grant support Australian research Council and MS Research Australia 2007-9 LP0776744 National MS society of US project grant funding
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Magdolna Simo, MD,
Scientific advisory board: Merck, Novartis, Sanofi
NONE
Funding for travel and spaeker honoraria: Biogen Idec, Sanofi, Merck
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
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- Carmen-Adella Sirbu, MD,
NONE
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- Attila Sas, MD,
MT has served on scientific Advisory Boards for Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Almirall, Roche and Genzyme
NONE
M.T. received honoraria for travel, consultancy or speaking from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi, Merck Serono, Teva,Genzyme, and Novartis
NONE
NONE
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M Trojano received research support for her Institution by Novartis, Biogen, Roche, and Merck
NONE
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- Helmut Butzkueven, MBBS, PhD;
I serve on Advisory Boards and Steering Committees for studies conducted by Novartis, Roche, Biogen and Merck. My institution (Monash University) is compensated for these activities. I serve on the steering committee of the MSBrain Health Initiative and I am a Board Member of the MSBase Foundation
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Editorial Board member, MSARD
NONE
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My institution has been compensated for speaking engagements with Roche, Merck, Novartis, and Biogen
NONE
NONE
My University receives research support from Biogen, Novartis, Merck and Roche
My inistitution receives research support from Australian Govt funding agencies NHMRC APP1129189 (CIB, 2018-2021), MRFF 1201062 (CIB , 2020-2024) MRFF 9100003 (CIA, 2019-2021)
NONE
My institution receives research support from MS Research Australia, Trish Foundation Australia
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- on behalf of the MSBase Study Group
- From CORe (T.K., I.D., S.S., C.M.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne; MS Centre (T.K., I.D., S.S., C.M.), Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Karolinska Institute (T.S.), Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience (T.S., V.J., A.v.d.W., O.S., H.B.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne; Burnet Institute (T.S.), Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (D.H., E.K.H.), General University Hospital and Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs (M. Trojano), University of Bari, Italy; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (A.L.), University “G. d’Annunzio,” Chieti; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (A.L.), University of Bologna, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Italy; Hopital Notre Dame (A.P., M.G., P.D.), Montreal; CHUM and Universite de Montreal (A.P., M.G., P.D.); CISSS Chaudière-Appalache (P.G.), Levis, Canada; Department of Neurology (V.J., A.v.d.W., O.S., H.B.), Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F. Grand'Maison), Quebec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience (P.S., D.F.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Modena, Italy; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (V.S.), Isfahan, Iran; Amiri Hospital (R. Alroughani), Kuwait City, Kuwait; Zuyderland Ziekenhuis (R.H.), Sittard, the Netherlands; Medical Faculty (M. Terzi), 19 Mayis University, Samsun; KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey; School of Medicine and Public Health (J.L.-S.), University Newcastle; Department of Neurology (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia; UOC Neurologia (E.P.), Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche-AV3, Macerata, Italy; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (V.V.P.), Brussels, Belgium; University of Parma (F. Granella); C. Mondino National Neurological Institute (R.B.), Pavia; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino (D.S.), Italy; Flinders University (M. Slee), Adelaide; Westmead Hospital (S.V.), Sydney, Australia; Nemocnice Jihlava (R. Ampapa), Czech Republic; University of Queensland (P.M.), Brisbane; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (P.M.), Brisbane, Australia; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (C.R.-T.), Badalona, Spain; CSSS Saint-Jérôme (J.P.), Canada; Hospital Universitario Donostia (J.O.), Paseo de Begiristain, San Sebastián, Spain; Hospital Italiano (E.C.), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; INEBA–Institute of Neuroscience Buenos Aires (M.L.S.), Argentina; Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo (J.L.S.-M.), Galdakao, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S. Hodgkinson), Sydney, Australia; Jahn Ferenc Teaching Hospital (C.R.), Budapest, Hungary; Craigavon Area Hospital (S. Hughes), UK; Jewish General Hospital (F.M.), Montreal, Canada; Deakin University (C.S.), Geelong; Monash Medical Centre (E.B.), Melbourne, Australia; South East Trust (O.G.), Belfast, UK; Perron Institute (A.K.), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.K.), Murdoch University; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (A.K.), Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences (B.S.), Mumbai, India; St Vincents Hospital (N.S.), Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia; Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház zrt (I.P.), Veszprem, Hungary; Royal Hobart Hospital (B.T.), Australia; Semmelweis University Budapest (M. Simo), Hungary; Central Military Emergency University Hospital (C.-A.S.), Bucharest; Titu Maiorescu University (C.-A.S.), Bucharest, Romania; BAZ County Hospital (A.S.), Miskolc, Hungary; and Box Hill Hospital (H.B.), Melbourne, Australia.
- Correspondence
Dr. Kalincik tomas.kalincik{at}unimelb.edu
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