PM2.5 Associated With Gray Matter Atrophy Reflecting Increased Alzheimer Risk in Older Women
Citation Manager Formats
Make Comment
See Comments

Article Information
- Received August 20, 2019
- Accepted in final form October 20, 2020
- First Published November 18, 2020.
Article Versions
- Previous version (November 18, 2020 - 12:45).
- You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Author Disclosures
- Diana Younan, PhD,
- Xinhui Wang, PhD,
- Ramon Casanova, PhD,
- Ryan Barnard, MS,
- Sarah A. Gaussoin, MS,
- Santiago Saldana, MS,
- Andrew J. Petkus, PhD,
- Daniel P. Beavers, PhD,
- Susan M. Resnick, PhD,
- JoAnn E. Manson, MD,
- Marc L. Serre, PhD,
- William Vizuete, PhD,
- Victor W. Henderson, MD,
- Bonnie C. Sachs, PhD,
- Joel Salinas, MD,
- Margaret Gatz, PhD,
- Mark A. Espeland, PhD,
- Helena C. Chui, MD,
- Sally A. Shumaker, PhD,
- Stephen R. Rapp, PhD,
- Jiu-Chiuan Chen, MD;
- on behalf of the Women's Health Initiative
- Diana Younan, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
(1) NIH, #R01ES025888, Senior Researcher Associate, 2017- present
NONE
(1) Alzheimer's Association (AARF-19-591356)
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Xinhui Wang, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Ramon Casanova, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NIH R21AG051113, PI, 2015-2018 NIH HHSN271-2011-00004C, Co-Investigator, 2016-2021 NIH 1P30 AG049638-01A1, co-investigator, 2016-2021
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Ryan Barnard, MS,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Sarah A. Gaussoin, MS,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
(1) NIA, contract number HHSN-271-2011-00004C, statistician, 2007-present
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Santiago Saldana, MS,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Andrew J. Petkus, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
Clinical Gerontologist, Editorial board member, 2020- current
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
National Institute on Aging, RF1AG054068, Co- investigator, 2017-current
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Daniel P. Beavers, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
1) Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, editorial board, 2020 - 2022
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
1) NIH 1P01AG055367 Co-Investigator 2018-present 2) NIH R01 ES025888 Co-Investigator 2018-present 3) NIH HHS-N271201700002C-0-0-1 Co-Investigator These are the NIH grants that funded the current work.
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Susan M. Resnick, PhD,
NONE
NONE
Dr. Resnick has received travel reimbursement for her participation on the international advisory board for the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging and for speaking at Concordia University; Spouse has consulted and received travel reimbursement and honoraria from Dart Neuroscience and Roche and has received travel reimbursement and honoraria from University of Toronto
Brain and Cognition (Action Editor)
spouse has patent pending on Photoacoustic Voltage Sensitive Dyes for In Vivo Imaging
NONE
NONE
spouse - consultant Dart Neuroscience and Roche
NONE
NONE
NONE
spouse - grant and/or contract support unrelated to this study: Addex, Avid, Dart Neuroscience, Johnson and Johnson, Intracellular, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda
NIA Intramural Research Program - Senior Investigator; spouse has NIH and CDC grants and contracts
spouse - employed by Washington University
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- JoAnn E. Manson, MD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Marc L. Serre, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- William Vizuete, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Victor W. Henderson, MD,
(1) Non-profit, Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging, Scientific Advisory Board (2) Non-profit, Kansas University AlzheimerÂs Disease Center, External Advisory Committee
NONE
(1) Non-profit, American Academy of Neurology, faculty honorarium, 2018 (2) Non-profit, Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging, travel reimbursement, 2018 (3) Non-profit, National Institutes of Health, travel reimbursement, 2018 (4) Non-profit, HeartFit for Life, speaker honorarium, 2018 (5) Non-profit, Aarhus University, travel reimbursement, 2019
(1) Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Associate editor without compensation, ongoing (2) American Journal of AlzheimerÂs Disease and Other Dementias, editorial board member without compensation, ongoing (3) Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, editorial board member without compensation, ongoing (4) Climacteric, editorial board member without compensation, ongoing (5) Menopause, editorial board member without compensation, ongoing
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
(1) Non-profit, NIH, study section participation
NONE
NONE
(1) NIH, P30AG066515, PI, 2020 (2) NIH/ UC San Diego, U19AG010483, site PI, 2017-20 (3) NIH/ University of Washington, UWSC8882, site PI, 2015-20 (4) NIH/ University of Southern California, U24AG057437, site PI, 2017-20 (5) NIH, P30AG059307, multiple PI, 2018-20 (6) NIH, R01AG062239, co-investigator, 2018-20 (7) NIH, R01AG061120, co-investigator, 2019-20 (8) NIH, P30AG059295, consultant, 2018-20 (9) NIH, P50AG047366, PI, 2015-20 (10) NIH, R03AG056453, mentor, 2017-20
(1) Aarhus University Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: (1) Abbott, ongoing (2) Amgen, ongoing (3) Roche, ongoing
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
(1) Commercial entity, Patterson, Belknap, Webb, and Tyler, consultation, 2018
- Bonnie C. Sachs, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
Alzheimer's Association POINTER-19-611541 Role: Co- Investigator 08/01/2018 Â 07/31/2023
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Joel Salinas, MD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
Eisai Co.,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Margaret Gatz, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NIH R01 AG060470 (Gatz/Pedersen) 09/01/2018 Â 03/31/2023 Clarifying Risk and Protective Factors for Dementia with the Interplay of Genes and Environment in Multiple Studies (IGEMS) Consortium. Role: contact PI R01 AG059329 (Pedersen/Finch/Gatz) 09/01/2018 Â 06/30/2023 SES Health Gradients in Late Life: Testing Models of Gene-Environment Interplay in an International Twin Consortium. Role: MPI R01 ES025888 (Chen/Kaufman) 09/30/2016 Â 07/31/2021 Environmental Determinants of Pathological Brain Aging in WHI Memory Studies. Role: Co-Investigator R01 AG054068 (Chen) 09/01/2016 Â 08/31/2021 AlzheimerÂs Disease & Related Dementias: Geography, Environments & Mechanisms. Role: Co-Investigator
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Mark A. Espeland, PhD,
Boehringer-Ingelheim -- Advisory Board Ironwood Pharmaceuticals -- Data and Safety Monitoring Board
NONE
NONE
The Journals of Gerontology Medical Sciences, Statistical Editor, 2012 through present
NONE
NONE
Wake Forest School of Medicine
Non-Profit entity: I serve on several monitoring boards for NIH studies.
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
1RF1AG054068 (Chen) 07/01/2017-06/30/2021 NIA Alzheimer's Disease & Related Dementias: Geography, Environments, and Mechanisms The long-term goal of this project is to better understand the neuropsychological processes, environmental determinants, and mechanistic pathways leading to geographic disparities in the risk of late- onset AlzheimerÂs disease (AD) of vulnerable populations. Role: Co-Principal Investigator 1R21AG054955-01 (Hugenschmidt) 05/01/2018-04/30/2020 NIH The Interaction Between Diabetes and Estradiol on Human Brain Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women This study uses new methods to investigate a biological hypothesis that may explain recent findings that diabetes seems to increase the risk of dementia more in women than in men Role: Co-Principal Investigator 1R01AG058571 (Espeland) 07/01/2018-03/31/2022 NIA Long-Term Impact of Random Assisgnment to Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The Action for Health in Diabetes ADRD Study (Look AHEAD-MIND) Type 2 diabetes and obesity in combination nearly double one's risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We will examine the legacy of a successful 10-year behavioral intervention designed to induce and maintain weight loss on the cognitive health of older individuals. We collect additional cognitive assessments; adjudicate cognitive status in large, well-characterized cohort; and conduct laboratory analyses of existing blood specimens. Role: Principal Investigator POINTER-19-611541 (Baker) AlzheimerÂs Association 08/01/2018-07/31/2023 U.S. Study to Protect Through a Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk To test whether an intensive multi-domain lifestyle intervention can protect cognitive function in older Americans who are at increased risk for cognitive decline and dementia. Role: Co-Principal Investigator 1P30AG049638-01A1 (Craft) 09/01/2016-06/30/2021 NIA Core C: Data Management and Statistical Core The mission of Data Management and Statistical (DMS) Core is to promote excellence in the Wake Forest ADCC by providing outstanding data management, biomedical computing, and analytical support to ADCC investigators and affiliates. Role: Co-Principal Investigator R01 HL127341 (Wing) 09/01/2015 Â 12/31/2019 NHLBI Preventing Weight Gain in Young Adults Extension (SNAP-E) This represents a subcontract with Miriam Hospital. SNAP- E will follow participants of the Study of Novel Approaches to Weigh Gain Prevention (SNAP) for an additional 4 years to determine if the benefits of those interventions can be maintained with only minimal intervention and thus provide a public health approach to the problem of weight gain in young adults. Role: Co-Principal Investigator UO1 DK027136 (Espeland) 02/01/2016 Â 01/31/2021 NIDDK 16/16 Action for Health in Diabetes Extension Study Biostatistics Research Center Weight loss is recommended for overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, but the long-term effects of such approaches on the issues of greatest concern to older individuals --including mortality, health care utilization and costs, diabetic complications, quality of life, and frailty -- remain untested. The Look AHEAD-E will follow approximately 3800 of these individuals for an additional 4.5 years to determine whether random assignment to an intensive lifestyle intervention focused on weight loss achieved through healthy eating and increased physical activity relative to a control group leads to improved long-term health in later life. Role: Principal Investigator 1R01 AG050657-01A1 (Baker) 06/01/2016 Â 02/28/2021 NIH Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcome Study-Mind (COSMOS-Mind) The proposed study, COSMOS-Mind, will enroll 2,000 women and men from the parent trial (>65 years old), and conduct standardized and validated cognitive assessments via telephone at baseline (before randomization) and annually over 3 years of follow-up to establish whether daily use of cocoa flavanols with or without a multivitamin can protect cognitive function and reduce incidence of cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease. Role: Co-Principal Investigator
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Helena C. Chui, MD,
Allo IM clinical study funded by NIA
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
P50-AG05142 P01-G052350 R01-AG058162 R01-AG055770 R01-AG054434 R01-ES025888 R01-AG054068 R01 AG054442
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Sally A. Shumaker, PhD,
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
Commercial entity; Consultant to Merck Pharmaceutical
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
R01 HL 133684 09/01/2017 Â 06/30/2021 NHLBI R01 AG 50657 06/01/2016 Â 02/28/2021 NIA HHSN26820160004C 10/15/2015 Â 10/14/2020 NHLBI HHSN271201100004C 11/04/2016 Â 11/03/2021 NIA R01 HL 130591 08/01/2016 Â 05/31/2021 NIH/NHLBI
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Stephen R. Rapp, PhD,
1. National Institute on Aging
NONE
NONE
Editorial Board Member, Aging & Mental Health Editorial Board Member, International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
1. National Institute on Aging 2. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute 3. National Cancer Institute 4. National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases
HHSN271-2011-00004C (Rapp) 11/04/2016 - 11/03/2021 2.4 calendar NIH/NIA $824,705 The WomenÂs Health Initiative Memory Study: WHIMS Suite of Studies HHSN268201600004C (Shumaker) 10/15/2015 Â10/14/2020 0.38 calendar NIH/NHLBI $856,236 Women's Health Initiative Regional Centers R01 AG055606 (Reboussin/Williamson) 06/15/2017 Â 05/31/2021 1.2 calendar NIA $4,293,490 The SPRINT AlzheimerÂs, Seniors, and Kidney Study (SPRINT ASK) R01 AG050657-01 (Baker/Espeland) 05/15/2016 - 05/14/2021 1.2 calendar NIH/NIA $519,281 Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study in the Mind (COSMOS- Mind) P30 AG049638-01A1 (Craft) 07/01/2016 - 06/30/2021 0.24 calendar NIH/NIA $1,331,907 Wake Forest AlzheimerÂs Disease Research Center R01 HL133684-01A1, (Baker) 09/01/2017 - 06/30/2021 0.6 calendar NIH/NIA $1,298,934 Women's Health Initiative Sleep Hypoxia Effects on Resilience (WHISPER) R21 CA226960-01A1 (Hundley) 12/01/2018 - 11/30/2023 0.36 calendar NIH/NCI $424,267Improving Exercise Capacity with a Tailored Physical Activity Intervention in Lymphoma R01 AG058969 (Hughes) 09/01/2018 Â11/30/2023 0.6 calendar NIH/NIA $532,239 Subclinical Vascular Contributions to AlzheimerÂs Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Multisite Study of AD R01 AG058571 (Espeland) 7/01/2018 Â 3/31/2022 1.5 calendar NIH/NIA $1,794,738 Long-term impact of random assignment to intensive lifestyle intervention on AlzheimerÂs disease and related dementias: The Action for Health in Diabetes ADRD Study (Look AHEAD-Mind) U19 AG065188Â01 (Alexander/Hernandez/Ambrosius/Williamson) 09/30/2019- 08/31/2026 0.60 calendar months [Protocol Refinement] NIH/NIA $97,165 PRagmatic EValuation of evENTs And Benefits of Lipid-lowering in oldEr Adults (PREVENTABLE) RF1 AG054474 (Ding) 05/15/2017- 03/31/2022 0.6 calendar NIH/NIA $2,681,445 Cell-Specific Genomic Features of AlzheimerÂs Disease Progression U10CA 81851 (Lesser) 09/01/2019 - 08/30/2025 1.2 calendar NIH/NCI $1,566,743 Research Base Grant of Comprehensive Cancer Center
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- Jiu-Chiuan Chen, MD;
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
1. Environmental Determinants of Pathological Brain Aging in WHI Memory Studies R01ES025888 Role: Principal Investigator (MPI: Chen & Kaufman), 2016-2021 2. AlzheimerÂs Disease & Related Dementias: Geography, Environments & Mechanisms RF1AG054068-01 Role: Principal Investigator, 2016-2021 3. Urban Air Pollution and Alzheimer's Disease: Risk, Heterogeneity, and Mechanisms P01AG055367-01A1 Role: Principal Investigator-Overall Program (MPI: Finch & Chen), 2018-2023 4. Regional Neurotoxicity & Early Biomarkers of Air Pollution Effects on Brain Aging R21AG051113 NIA Role: Principal Investigator (10%; MPI: Casanova & Chen), 2015-2018 5. Environmental determinants of cognitive aging R01AG033078 NIA Role: Principal Investigator, 2011-2017
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
- on behalf of the Women's Health Initiative
- From the Departments of Preventive Medicine (D.Y., J.C.C) and Neurology (X.W., A.J.P., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and the Center for Economic and Social Research (M.G.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (R.C., R.B., S.A.G., S.S., D.P.B., M.A.E.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (S.R.R.), Social Sciences & Health Policy (S.A.S., S.R.R.), and Neurology (B.C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience (S.M.R.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Neurology and Neurological Sciences (V.W.H.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (J.S.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York.
- Correspondence
Dr. Younan dyounan{at}usc.edu
Article usage
Cited By...
Disputes & Debates: Rapid online correspondence
REQUIREMENTS
If you are uploading a letter concerning an article:
You must have updated your disclosures within six months: http://submit.neurology.org
Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment.
If you are responding to a comment that was written about an article you originally authored:
You (and co-authors) do not need to fill out forms or check disclosures as author forms are still valid
and apply to letter.
Submission specifications:
- Submissions must be < 200 words with < 5 references. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
- Submissions should not have more than 5 authors. (Exception: original author replies can include all original authors of the article)
- Submit only on articles published within 6 months of issue date.
- Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
- Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.
You May Also be Interested in
Related Articles
- No related articles found.