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February 23, 2021; 96 (8) Article

PM2.5 Associated With Gray Matter Atrophy Reflecting Increased Alzheimer Risk in Older Women

Diana Younan, Xinhui Wang, Ramon Casanova, Ryan Barnard, Sarah A. Gaussoin, Santiago Saldana, Andrew J. Petkus, Daniel P. Beavers, Susan M. Resnick, JoAnn E. Manson, Marc L. Serre, William Vizuete, Victor W. Henderson, Bonnie C. Sachs, Joel Salinas, Margaret Gatz, Mark A. Espeland, Helena C. Chui, Sally A. Shumaker, Stephen R. Rapp, Jiu-Chiuan Chen, on behalf of the Women's Health Initiative
First published November 18, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011149
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Article Information

vol. 96 no. 8 e1190-e1201
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011149
PubMed: 
33208540
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received August 20, 2019
  • Accepted in final form October 20, 2020
  • First Published November 18, 2020.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2020 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Diana Younan, PhD,
    2. Xinhui Wang, PhD,
    3. Ramon Casanova, PhD,
    4. Ryan Barnard, MS,
    5. Sarah A. Gaussoin, MS,
    6. Santiago Saldana, MS,
    7. Andrew J. Petkus, PhD,
    8. Daniel P. Beavers, PhD,
    9. Susan M. Resnick, PhD,
    10. JoAnn E. Manson, MD,
    11. Marc L. Serre, PhD,
    12. William Vizuete, PhD,
    13. Victor W. Henderson, MD,
    14. Bonnie C. Sachs, PhD,
    15. Joel Salinas, MD,
    16. Margaret Gatz, PhD,
    17. Mark A. Espeland, PhD,
    18. Helena C. Chui, MD,
    19. Sally A. Shumaker, PhD,
    20. Stephen R. Rapp, PhD,
    21. Jiu-Chiuan Chen, MD;
    22. on behalf of the Women's Health Initiative
  1. Diana Younan, PhD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) NIH, #R01ES025888, Senior Researcher Associate, 2017- present

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Alzheimer's Association (AARF-19-591356)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Xinhui Wang, PhD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Ramon Casanova, PhD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH R21AG051113, PI, 2015-2018 NIH HHSN271-2011-00004C, Co-Investigator, 2016-2021 NIH 1P30 AG049638-01A1, co-investigator, 2016-2021

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Ryan Barnard, MS,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Sarah A. Gaussoin, MS,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) NIA, contract number HHSN-271-2011-00004C, statistician, 2007-present

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Santiago Saldana, MS,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Andrew J. Petkus, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Clinical Gerontologist, Editorial board member, 2020- current

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. National Institute on Aging, RF1AG054068, Co- investigator, 2017-current

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Daniel P. Beavers, PhD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 1) Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, editorial board, 2020 - 2022

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1) NIH 1P01AG055367 Co-Investigator 2018-present 2) NIH R01 ES025888 Co-Investigator 2018-present 3) NIH HHS-N271201700002C-0-0-1 Co-Investigator These are the NIH grants that funded the current work.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Susan M. Resnick, PhD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Dr. Resnick has received travel reimbursement for her participation on the international advisory board for the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging and for speaking at Concordia University; Spouse has consulted and received travel reimbursement and honoraria from Dart Neuroscience and Roche and has received travel reimbursement and honoraria from University of Toronto

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Brain and Cognition (Action Editor)

    Patents:

    1. spouse has patent pending on Photoacoustic Voltage Sensitive Dyes for In Vivo Imaging

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. spouse - consultant Dart Neuroscience and Roche

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. spouse - grant and/or contract support unrelated to this study: Addex, Avid, Dart Neuroscience, Johnson and Johnson, Intracellular, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIA Intramural Research Program - Senior Investigator; spouse has NIH and CDC grants and contracts

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. spouse - employed by Washington University

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. JoAnn E. Manson, MD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Marc L. Serre, PhD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. William Vizuete, PhD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Victor W. Henderson, MD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Non-profit, Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging, Scientific Advisory Board (2) Non-profit, Kansas University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, External Advisory Committee

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Non-profit, American Academy of Neurology, faculty honorarium, 2018 (2) Non-profit, Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging, travel reimbursement, 2018 (3) Non-profit, National Institutes of Health, travel reimbursement, 2018 (4) Non-profit, HeartFit for Life, speaker honorarium, 2018 (5) Non-profit, Aarhus University, travel reimbursement, 2019

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Associate editor without compensation, ongoing (2) American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, editorial board member without compensation, ongoing (3) Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, editorial board member without compensation, ongoing (4) Climacteric, editorial board member without compensation, ongoing (5) Menopause, editorial board member without compensation, ongoing

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. (1) Non-profit, NIH, study section participation

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) NIH, P30AG066515, PI, 2020 (2) NIH/ UC San Diego, U19AG010483, site PI, 2017-20 (3) NIH/ University of Washington, UWSC8882, site PI, 2015-20 (4) NIH/ University of Southern California, U24AG057437, site PI, 2017-20 (5) NIH, P30AG059307, multiple PI, 2018-20 (6) NIH, R01AG062239, co-investigator, 2018-20 (7) NIH, R01AG061120, co-investigator, 2019-20 (8) NIH, P30AG059295, consultant, 2018-20 (9) NIH, P50AG047366, PI, 2015-20 (10) NIH, R03AG056453, mentor, 2017-20

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. (1) Aarhus University Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: (1) Abbott, ongoing (2) Amgen, ongoing (3) Roche, ongoing

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. (1) Commercial entity, Patterson, Belknap, Webb, and Tyler, consultation, 2018

  14. Bonnie C. Sachs, PhD,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Alzheimer's Association POINTER-19-611541 Role: Co- Investigator 08/01/2018 – 07/31/2023

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Joel Salinas, MD,
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. Eisai Co.,

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. Margaret Gatz, PhD,
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH R01 AG060470 (Gatz/Pedersen) 09/01/2018 – 03/31/2023 Clarifying Risk and Protective Factors for Dementia with the Interplay of Genes and Environment in Multiple Studies (IGEMS) Consortium. Role: contact PI R01 AG059329 (Pedersen/Finch/Gatz) 09/01/2018 – 06/30/2023 SES Health Gradients in Late Life: Testing Models of Gene-Environment Interplay in an International Twin Consortium. Role: MPI R01 ES025888 (Chen/Kaufman) 09/30/2016 – 07/31/2021 Environmental Determinants of Pathological Brain Aging in WHI Memory Studies. Role: Co-Investigator R01 AG054068 (Chen) 09/01/2016 – 08/31/2021 Alzheimer’s Disease & Related Dementias: Geography, Environments & Mechanisms. Role: Co-Investigator

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  17. Mark A. Espeland, PhD,
    18. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Boehringer-Ingelheim -- Advisory Board Ironwood Pharmaceuticals -- Data and Safety Monitoring Board

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. The Journals of Gerontology Medical Sciences, Statistical Editor, 2012 through present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Wake Forest School of Medicine

    Consultancies:

    1. Non-Profit entity: I serve on several monitoring boards for NIH studies.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1RF1AG054068 (Chen) 07/01/2017-06/30/2021 NIA Alzheimer's Disease & Related Dementias: Geography, Environments, and Mechanisms The long-term goal of this project is to better understand the neuropsychological processes, environmental determinants, and mechanistic pathways leading to geographic disparities in the risk of late- onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) of vulnerable populations. Role: Co-Principal Investigator 1R21AG054955-01 (Hugenschmidt) 05/01/2018-04/30/2020 NIH The Interaction Between Diabetes and Estradiol on Human Brain Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women This study uses new methods to investigate a biological hypothesis that may explain recent findings that diabetes seems to increase the risk of dementia more in women than in men Role: Co-Principal Investigator 1R01AG058571 (Espeland) 07/01/2018-03/31/2022 NIA Long-Term Impact of Random Assisgnment to Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The Action for Health in Diabetes ADRD Study (Look AHEAD-MIND) Type 2 diabetes and obesity in combination nearly double one's risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We will examine the legacy of a successful 10-year behavioral intervention designed to induce and maintain weight loss on the cognitive health of older individuals. We collect additional cognitive assessments; adjudicate cognitive status in large, well-characterized cohort; and conduct laboratory analyses of existing blood specimens. Role: Principal Investigator POINTER-19-611541 (Baker) Alzheimer’s Association 08/01/2018-07/31/2023 U.S. Study to Protect Through a Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk To test whether an intensive multi-domain lifestyle intervention can protect cognitive function in older Americans who are at increased risk for cognitive decline and dementia. Role: Co-Principal Investigator 1P30AG049638-01A1 (Craft) 09/01/2016-06/30/2021 NIA Core C: Data Management and Statistical Core The mission of Data Management and Statistical (DMS) Core is to promote excellence in the Wake Forest ADCC by providing outstanding data management, biomedical computing, and analytical support to ADCC investigators and affiliates. Role: Co-Principal Investigator R01 HL127341 (Wing) 09/01/2015 – 12/31/2019 NHLBI Preventing Weight Gain in Young Adults Extension (SNAP-E) This represents a subcontract with Miriam Hospital. SNAP- E will follow participants of the Study of Novel Approaches to Weigh Gain Prevention (SNAP) for an additional 4 years to determine if the benefits of those interventions can be maintained with only minimal intervention and thus provide a public health approach to the problem of weight gain in young adults. Role: Co-Principal Investigator UO1 DK027136 (Espeland) 02/01/2016 – 01/31/2021 NIDDK 16/16 Action for Health in Diabetes Extension Study Biostatistics Research Center Weight loss is recommended for overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, but the long-term effects of such approaches on the issues of greatest concern to older individuals --including mortality, health care utilization and costs, diabetic complications, quality of life, and frailty -- remain untested. The Look AHEAD-E will follow approximately 3800 of these individuals for an additional 4.5 years to determine whether random assignment to an intensive lifestyle intervention focused on weight loss achieved through healthy eating and increased physical activity relative to a control group leads to improved long-term health in later life. Role: Principal Investigator 1R01 AG050657-01A1 (Baker) 06/01/2016 – 02/28/2021 NIH Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcome Study-Mind (COSMOS-Mind) The proposed study, COSMOS-Mind, will enroll 2,000 women and men from the parent trial (>65 years old), and conduct standardized and validated cognitive assessments via telephone at baseline (before randomization) and annually over 3 years of follow-up to establish whether daily use of cocoa flavanols with or without a multivitamin can protect cognitive function and reduce incidence of cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease. Role: Co-Principal Investigator

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  18. Helena C. Chui, MD,
    19. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Allo IM clinical study funded by NIA

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. P50-AG05142 P01-G052350 R01-AG058162 R01-AG055770 R01-AG054434 R01-ES025888 R01-AG054068 R01 AG054442

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  19. Sally A. Shumaker, PhD,
    20. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Commercial entity; Consultant to Merck Pharmaceutical

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. R01 HL 133684 09/01/2017 – 06/30/2021 NHLBI R01 AG 50657 06/01/2016 – 02/28/2021 NIA HHSN26820160004C 10/15/2015 – 10/14/2020 NHLBI HHSN271201100004C 11/04/2016 – 11/03/2021 NIA R01 HL 130591 08/01/2016 – 05/31/2021 NIH/NHLBI

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  20. Stephen R. Rapp, PhD,
    21. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1. National Institute on Aging

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editorial Board Member, Aging & Mental Health Editorial Board Member, International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1. National Institute on Aging 2. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute 3. National Cancer Institute 4. National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. HHSN271-2011-00004C (Rapp) 11/04/2016 - 11/03/2021 2.4 calendar NIH/NIA $824,705 The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study: WHIMS Suite of Studies HHSN268201600004C (Shumaker) 10/15/2015 –10/14/2020 0.38 calendar NIH/NHLBI $856,236 Women's Health Initiative Regional Centers R01 AG055606 (Reboussin/Williamson) 06/15/2017 – 05/31/2021 1.2 calendar NIA $4,293,490 The SPRINT Alzheimer’s, Seniors, and Kidney Study (SPRINT ASK) R01 AG050657-01 (Baker/Espeland) 05/15/2016 - 05/14/2021 1.2 calendar NIH/NIA $519,281 Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study in the Mind (COSMOS- Mind) P30 AG049638-01A1 (Craft) 07/01/2016 - 06/30/2021 0.24 calendar NIH/NIA $1,331,907 Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center R01 HL133684-01A1, (Baker) 09/01/2017 - 06/30/2021 0.6 calendar NIH/NIA $1,298,934 Women's Health Initiative Sleep Hypoxia Effects on Resilience (WHISPER) R21 CA226960-01A1 (Hundley) 12/01/2018 - 11/30/2023 0.36 calendar NIH/NCI $424,267Improving Exercise Capacity with a Tailored Physical Activity Intervention in Lymphoma R01 AG058969 (Hughes) 09/01/2018 –11/30/2023 0.6 calendar NIH/NIA $532,239 Subclinical Vascular Contributions to Alzheimer’s Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Multisite Study of AD R01 AG058571 (Espeland) 7/01/2018 – 3/31/2022 1.5 calendar NIH/NIA $1,794,738 Long-term impact of random assignment to intensive lifestyle intervention on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: The Action for Health in Diabetes ADRD Study (Look AHEAD-Mind) U19 AG065188–01 (Alexander/Hernandez/Ambrosius/Williamson) 09/30/2019- 08/31/2026 0.60 calendar months [Protocol Refinement] NIH/NIA $97,165 PRagmatic EValuation of evENTs And Benefits of Lipid-lowering in oldEr Adults (PREVENTABLE) RF1 AG054474 (Ding) 05/15/2017- 03/31/2022 0.6 calendar NIH/NIA $2,681,445 Cell-Specific Genomic Features of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression U10CA 81851 (Lesser) 09/01/2019 - 08/30/2025 1.2 calendar NIH/NCI $1,566,743 Research Base Grant of Comprehensive Cancer Center

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  21. Jiu-Chiuan Chen, MD;
    22. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1. Environmental Determinants of Pathological Brain Aging in WHI Memory Studies R01ES025888 Role: Principal Investigator (MPI: Chen & Kaufman), 2016-2021 2. Alzheimer’s Disease & Related Dementias: Geography, Environments & Mechanisms RF1AG054068-01 Role: Principal Investigator, 2016-2021 3. Urban Air Pollution and Alzheimer's Disease: Risk, Heterogeneity, and Mechanisms P01AG055367-01A1 Role: Principal Investigator-Overall Program (MPI: Finch & Chen), 2018-2023 4. Regional Neurotoxicity & Early Biomarkers of Air Pollution Effects on Brain Aging R21AG051113 NIA Role: Principal Investigator (10%; MPI: Casanova & Chen), 2015-2018 5. Environmental determinants of cognitive aging R01AG033078 NIA Role: Principal Investigator, 2011-2017

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  22. on behalf of the Women's Health Initiative
  1. From the Departments of Preventive Medicine (D.Y., J.C.C) and Neurology (X.W., A.J.P., H.C.C., J.-C.C.) and the Center for Economic and Social Research (M.G.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (R.C., R.B., S.A.G., S.S., D.P.B., M.A.E.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (S.R.R.), Social Sciences & Health Policy (S.A.S., S.R.R.), and Neurology (B.C.S.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience (S.M.R.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (M.L.S., W.V.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Neurology and Neurological Sciences (V.W.H.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (J.S.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Younan dyounan{at}usc.edu
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Article usage: November 2020 to March 2021

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