November 15, 2022; 99 (20) Research Article
Efficacy of Prednisolone for Bell Palsy in Children
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial
Franz E. Babl, David Herd, View ORCID ProfileMeredith L. Borland, Amit Kochar, Ben Lawton, Jason Hort, Adam West, View ORCID ProfileShane George, Michael Zhang, Karthik Velusamy, View ORCID ProfileFrank Sullivan, Ed Oakley, Andrew Davidson, View ORCID ProfileSandy M. Hopper, View ORCID ProfileJohn A. Cheek, Robert G. Berkowitz, View ORCID ProfileStephen Hearps, Catherine L. Wilson, Amanda Williams, Hannah Elborough, Donna Legge, Mark T. Mackay, Katherine J. Lee, Stuart R. Dalziel, on behalf of Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
First published August 25, 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000201164
Franz E. Babl
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
David Herd
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Meredith L. Borland
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Amit Kochar
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Ben Lawton
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Jason Hort
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Adam West
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Shane George
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Michael Zhang
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Karthik Velusamy
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Frank Sullivan
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Ed Oakley
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Andrew Davidson
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Sandy M. Hopper
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
John A. Cheek
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Robert G. Berkowitz
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Stephen Hearps
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Catherine L. Wilson
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Amanda Williams
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Hannah Elborough
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Donna Legge
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Mark T. Mackay
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Katherine J. Lee
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Stuart R. Dalziel
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Efficacy of Prednisolone for Bell Palsy in Children
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial
Franz E. Babl, David Herd, Meredith L. Borland, Amit Kochar, Ben Lawton, Jason Hort, Adam West, Shane George, Michael Zhang, Karthik Velusamy, Frank Sullivan, Ed Oakley, Andrew Davidson, Sandy M. Hopper, John A. Cheek, Robert G. Berkowitz, Stephen Hearps, Catherine L. Wilson, Amanda Williams, Hannah Elborough, Donna Legge, Mark T. Mackay, Katherine J. Lee, Stuart R. Dalziel, on behalf of Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
Neurology Nov 2022, 99 (20) e2241-e2252; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201164
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vol. 99 no. 20 e2241-e2252
PubMed:
Print ISSN:
Online ISSN:
History:
- Received January 22, 2022
- Accepted in final form July 11, 2022
- First Published August 25, 2022.
Article Versions
- Previous version (August 25, 2022 - 12:45).
- You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Copyright & Usage:
© 2022 American Academy of Neurology
Author Disclosures
- Franz E. Babl, MD,
- David Herd, MBChB,
- Meredith L. Borland, MBBS,
- Amit Kochar, MD,
- Ben Lawton, MBChB,
- Jason Hort, MBBS,
- Adam West, MHSM,
- Shane George, MBBS,
- Michael Zhang, PhD,
- Karthik Velusamy, MBBS,
- Frank Sullivan, PhD,
- Ed Oakley, MBBS,
- Andrew Davidson, MD,
- Sandy M. Hopper, MBBS,
- John A. Cheek, MBBS,
- Robert G. Berkowitz, MD,
- Stephen Hearps, MBiostat,
- Catherine L. Wilson, MPH,
- Amanda Williams, BNurs,
- Hannah Elborough, BSc (Hons),
- Donna Legge, BPharm,
- Mark T. Mackay, PhD,
- Katherine J. Lee, PhD,
- Stuart R. Dalziel, PhD;
- on behalf of Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
- Franz E. Babl, MD,
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Emergency medicine Australasia, section editor
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National health and Medical research Council, Australia
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- David Herd, MBChB,
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- Meredith L. Borland, MBBS,
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- Amit Kochar, MD,
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- Ben Lawton, MBChB,
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- Jason Hort, MBBS,
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- Adam West, MHSM,
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- Shane George, MBBS,
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1. Australian Government, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
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1. Emergency Medicine Foundation (Australia)<br>2. Gold Coast Hospital Foundation<br>3. Thrasher Research Fund
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- Michael Zhang, PhD,
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- Karthik Velusamy, MBBS,
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- Frank Sullivan, PhD,
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- Ed Oakley, MBBS,
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NHMRC
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- Andrew Davidson, MD,
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Anesthesiology, executive editor, 2020 ongoing<br>Pediatric Anesthesia, editor in chief, 2015 ongoing
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Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia, Oxford, 2012
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- Sandy M. Hopper, MBBS,
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NHMRC grant ID 1078069. CI, 2018 onwards (this study)
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Children's Telehealth Group, 2019 (not involved in any way <br>with this study). <br>Puffah, 2021(not involved in any way with this study).
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- John A. Cheek, MBBS,
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- Robert G. Berkowitz, MD,
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1. International editorial board member,<br>Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery<br>2020-2<br>No remuneration<br><br>2. Editorial board member,<br>Philippines Journal of Otolaryngology<br>2006-<br>No remuneration
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- Stephen Hearps, MBiostat,
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- Catherine L. Wilson, MPH,
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- Amanda Williams, BNurs,
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- Hannah Elborough, BSc (Hons),
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- Donna Legge, BPharm,
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- Mark T. Mackay, PhD,
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Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Australia
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- Katherine J. Lee, PhD,
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Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council - <br>Career development fellowship ID - 1127984
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- Stuart R. Dalziel, PhD;
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Section Editor, Emergency Medicine Australasia Journal
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Health Research Council of New Zealand (HRC13/556), Auckland, New Zealand.
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Cure Kids, Auckland, New Zealand.
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- on behalf of Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
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- From the Emergency Department (F.E.B., E.O., S.M.H., J.A.C., A. Williams, H.E.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Sciences (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., J.A.C., R.G.B., S.H., C.L.W., A. Williams, H.E., M.T.M.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville; Departments of Paediatrics (F.E.B., E.O., A.D., S.M.H., R.G.B., M.T.M., K.J.L.) and Critical Care (F.E.B., E.O., S.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Emergency Department (D.H.), Queensland Children's Hospital; University of Queensland (D.H.); Mater Research Institute (D.H.), Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (M.L.B.), Perth Children's Hospital; Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics (M.L.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Emergency Department (A.K.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide; Emergency Department (B.L.), Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Emergency Department (J.H.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Emergency Department (A. West, J.A.C.), Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria; Department of Emergency Medicine (S.G.), Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport; School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland (S.G.), Griffith University, Southport; Child Health Research Centre (S.G.), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Emergency Department (M.Z.), John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales; Emergency Department (K.V.), Townsville Hospital; James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry (K.V.), Townsville, Australia; University of St Andrews (F.S.), School of Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; North York General Hospital (F.S.), Department of Family & Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia (A.D.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Otolaryngology (R.G.B.), Pharmacy Department (D.L.), and Department of Neurology (M.T.M.), Royal Children's Hospital; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (K.J.L.) and Melbourne Children's Trial Centre (A.D., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Children's Emergency Department (S.R.D.), Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland; and Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health (S.R.D.), University of Auckland, New Zealand.
- Correspondence
Dr. Babl franz.babl{at}rch.org.au
Article usage
Cited By...
Letters: Rapid online correspondence
- Reader Response: Efficacy of Prednisolone for Bell Palsy in Children A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial
- Gerd Fabian Volk, ENT surgeon and Head of the Facial-Nerv-Center Jena, Facial-Nerve-Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital
- Michelle H. Cameron, Professor of Neurology, neurologist and physical therapist, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, MS Center of Excellence-West, VA Portland Health Care System, Port
- Myriam Loyo, Associate Professor, Co-director Facial Nerve Center, Facial Nerve Center, Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
Submitted December 24, 2022
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