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November 29, 2022; 99 (22) Research Article

Long-term Effectiveness and Safety of Rituximab in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and MOG Antibody Disease

Paula Barreras, Eleni S. Vasileiou, Angeliki G. Filippatou, Kathryn C. Fitzgerald, Michael Levy, Carlos A. Pardo, Scott D. Newsome, Ellen M. Mowry, Peter A. Calabresi, Elias S. Sotirchos
First published August 31, 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000201260
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Article Information

vol. 99 no. 22 e2504-e2516
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000201260
PubMed: 
36240094
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
0028-3878
Online ISSN: 
1526-632X
History: 
  • Received March 15, 2022
  • Accepted in final form August 1, 2022
  • First Published August 31, 2022.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2022 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. Paula Barreras, MD*,
    2. Eleni S. Vasileiou, MD*,
    3. Angeliki G. Filippatou, MD,
    4. Kathryn C. Fitzgerald, ScD,
    5. Michael Levy, MD, PhD,
    6. Carlos A. Pardo, MD,
    7. Scott D. Newsome, DO,
    8. Ellen M. Mowry, MD, MCR,
    9. Peter A. Calabresi, MD and
    10. Elias S. Sotirchos, MD
  1. Paula Barreras, MD*,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Eleni S. Vasileiou, MD*,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Angeliki G. Filippatou, MD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Kathryn C. Fitzgerald, ScD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Data safety monitoring board for NIH-funded study.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Frontiers in Epidemiology Associate Editor

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH NIMH 1-K01MH121582-01, PI, 2019-2023

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Career Transition Fellowship (TA-1805-31136) from the National MS Society

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Michael Levy, MD, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Alexion, Genentech, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Horizon

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Elsevier - Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Elsevier - Neuroimmunology Reports

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Alexion, Genentech, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Horizon

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. Neuroimmunology Clinic - 20% effort, Neuroimmunology Research Lab - 80% effort

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Alexion, Genentech, Horizon

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH/NIAID R01AI130548

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Carlos A. Pardo, MD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH 1R01HL130649-01 Role: Co-Investigator 2015-2019, R01 NS110122-01A1 Role: Principal Investigator, 2019-2024, U01CA230691, Role: Co-Investigator, 2018-2023, NIH/NCI R01CA230285, Role: Co-Investigator, 2019-2024

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Bart McLean Fund for Neuroimmunology Research-Project Restore Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Scott D. Newsome, DO,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Biogen Idec, scientific advisory board, Genentech, scientific advisory board, EMD Serono, scientific advisory board, Bristol Myers Squibb, scientific advisory board, Greenwich Biosciences, scientific advisory board, Novartis, scientific advisory board, Horizon Therapeutics, scientific advisory board, medDay Pharmaceuticals, clinical adjudication committee member for a clinical trial

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Autobahn

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. study lead PI for a Roche clinical trial

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Biogen Idec; research support payed directly to my institution and not relevant to the submitted manuscript Genentech; research support payed directly to my institution and not relevant to the submitted manuscript, Roche; research support payed directly to my institution and not relevant to the submitted manuscript

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Department of Defense, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, The Stiff Person Syndrome Research Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Ellen M. Mowry, MD, MCR,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. DSMB member for NIAID

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editorial boards: 2012- Neuroscience Journal, ISRN Neuroscience; Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2020-

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. UptoDate chapter editor

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1)Free glatiramer acetate for a clinical trial from Teva <br>Neuroscience.<br>(2)Research funding paid to my institution from <br>Biogen and Genentech (for investigator-initiated studies).(3) Site PI of studies sponsored by Biogen and Genentech

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1)Department of Defense, W81XWH-16-1-0693, 9/2016-9/2022, (2)National Institutes of Health, 1R01NR018851-01A1, 9/2020-6/2025

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. 2. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Peter A. Calabresi, MD and
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1. DiSARM Therapeutics (now Lilly), 2. Biogen, 3. Avidea Technologies

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. 1. NMSS (travel only)<br>2. Myelin Repair Foundation (honorarium)

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Neurology Editorial Board 2007 to 2017, Journal of Clinical Investigation Associate Editor-2017-2022, Multiple Sclerosis Journal Editorial Board-present

    Patents:

    1. Report of invention filed for use of bryostatin in autoimmune disease.

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Optical Coherence Tomography in Neurological Diseases (book) Royalties for being co-editor received from Cambridge Press.

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. 1. DiSARM Therapeutics (now Lilly), 2. Biogen. 3. Avidea technologies, 4. Idorsia

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. We utilize OCT in the clinic and bill for patients not enrolled in research studies. I have been a co-author on papers outlining guidelines for use of OCT.

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1. Principia (expired 2021), 2. Genentech (active), 3. Myelin Repair Foundation (active)

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH, NINDS R-01 NS041435 2020-2025 PI, NIH, NINDS R-01 NS082347 2018-2023 PI, DoD, CDRMS W81XWH1910622 2019-2021 PI

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. National MS Society (NMSS) The role of complement C3 in retinal neuroprotection in EAE, NMSS, sNfL healthy control normative data

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. 1. Disarm Therapeutics, 2. Avidea technologies (now Vaccitech) Katharine Whartenby, PhD (my wife) 1. Shares of MyMD

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Elias S. Sotirchos, MD
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Scientific advisory boards: 1) Alexion 2) Horizon Therapeutics 3) Genentech 4) Viela Bio 5) Ad Scientiam

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Speaker honoraria: 1) Alexion 2) Biogen 3) Viela Bio

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. National Institutes of Health (NIH) K23NS117883

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1) National MS Society (NMSS) FP-1607-24999<br>2) National MS Society (NMSS) TA-1904-33834<br>3) Sumaira Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Neurology (P.B., E.S.V., A.G.F., K.C.F., C.A.P., S.D.N., E.M.M.C.R., P.A.C., E.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (M.L.), Harvard University, Boston, MA.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Sotirchos ess{at}jhmi.edu
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