March 23, 2021Article
Early Neurologic Recovery, Practice Pattern Variation, and the Risk of Endotracheal Intubation Following Established Status Epilepticus
View ORCID ProfileEric Scott Rosenthal, Jordan J Elm, James Ingles, View ORCID ProfileAlexander J Rogers, Thomas E Terndrup, Maija Holsti, View ORCID ProfileDanny G. Thomas, View ORCID ProfileLynn Babcock, Pamela J Okada, Robert H Lipsky, Joseph B Miller, Robert W. Hickey, Megan E Barra, View ORCID ProfileThomas P Bleck, James C Cloyd, View ORCID ProfileRobert Silbergleit, Daniel H Lowenstein, Lisa D Coles, View ORCID ProfileJaideep Kapur, Shlomo Shinnar, James M. Chamberlain, Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial Study Group
First published March 23, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011879
Eric Scott Rosenthal
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Jordan J Elm
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
James Ingles
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Alexander J Rogers
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Thomas E Terndrup
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Maija Holsti
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Danny G. Thomas
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Lynn Babcock
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Pamela J Okada
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Robert H Lipsky
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Joseph B Miller
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Robert W. Hickey
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Megan E Barra
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Thomas P Bleck
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
James C Cloyd
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Robert Silbergleit
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Daniel H Lowenstein
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Lisa D Coles
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Jaideep Kapur
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Shlomo Shinnar
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
James M. Chamberlain
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Eric S. Rosenthal, MD, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Jordan J. Elm, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; James Ingles, MS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Alexander J. Rogers, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Thomas E. Terndrup, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH; Maija Holsti, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Danny G. Thomas, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Pamela J. Okada, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Robert Lipsky, PhD, Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA; Joseph Miller, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Robert W. Hickey, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Megan E. Barra, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Thomas P. Bleck, MD, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL; James C. Cloyd, PharmD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Robert Silbergleit, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Lisa D. Coles, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Shlomo Shinnar, MD, PhD, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; James M. Chamberlain, MD, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Early Neurologic Recovery, Practice Pattern Variation, and the Risk of Endotracheal Intubation Following Established Status Epilepticus
Eric Scott Rosenthal, Jordan J Elm, James Ingles, Alexander J Rogers, Thomas E Terndrup, Maija Holsti, Danny G. Thomas, Lynn Babcock, Pamela J Okada, Robert H Lipsky, Joseph B Miller, Robert W. Hickey, Megan E Barra, Thomas P Bleck, James C Cloyd, Robert Silbergleit, Daniel H Lowenstein, Lisa D Coles, Jaideep Kapur, Shlomo Shinnar, James M. Chamberlain, Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial Study Group
Neurology Mar 2021, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011879; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011879
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Abstract
Objective: To quantify the association between early neurologic recovery, practice pattern variation, and endotracheal intubation during established status epilepticus, we performed a secondary analysis within the cohort of patients enrolled in the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (ESETT).
Methods: We evaluated factors associated with the endpoint of endotracheal intubation occurring within 120 minutes of ESETT study drug initiation. We defined a blocked, stepwise multivariate regression, examining four phases during status epilepticus management: 1) baseline characteristics, 2) acute treatment, 3) 20-minute neurologic recovery, and 4) 60-minute recovery, including seizure cessation and improving responsiveness.
Results: Of 478 patients, 117 (24.5%) were intubated within 120 minutes. Among high-enrolling sites, intubation rates ranged from 4-32% at pediatric sites and 19-39% at adult sites. Baseline characteristics, including seizure precipitant, benzodiazepine dosing, and admission vital signs, provided limited discrimination for predicting intubation (area under the curve (AUC) .63). However, treatment at sites with an intubation rate in the highest (versus lowest) quartile strongly predicted endotracheal intubation independent of other treatment variables (adjusted OR (aOR) 8.12, 95% CI 3.08, 21.4; model AUC .70). Site-specific variation was the factor most strongly associated with endotracheal intubation after adjusting for 20-minute (aOR 23.4; 95% CI 6.99, 78.3; model AUC .88) and 60-minute neurologic recovery (aOR 14.7; 95% CI 3.20, 67.5; model AUC .98).
Conclusions: Endotracheal intubation following established status epilepticus is strongly associated with site-specific practice pattern variation, independent of baseline characteristics. and early neurologic recovery, and should not alone serve as a clinical trial endpoint in established status epilepticus.
- Received October 20, 2020.
- Accepted in final form February 8, 2021.
- © 2021 American Academy of Neurology
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