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March 07, 2014Article

Fingolimod after natalizumab and the risk of short-term relapse

Vilija G. Jokubaitis, Vivien Li, Tomas Kalincik, Guillermo Izquierdo, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Raed Alroughani, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Alessandra Lugaresi, Pierre Duquette, Marc Girard, Michael Barnett, Francois Grand'Maison, Maria Trojano, Mark Slee, Giorgio Giuliani, Cameron Shaw, Cavit Boz, Daniele L.A. Spitaleri, Freek Verheul, Jodi Haartsen, Danny Liew, Helmut Butzkueven
First published March 7, 2014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000283
Vilija G. Jokubaitis
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Vivien Li
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Tomas Kalincik
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Guillermo Izquierdo
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Suzanne Hodgkinson
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Raed Alroughani
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Jeannette Lechner-Scott
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Alessandra Lugaresi
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Pierre Duquette
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Marc Girard
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Michael Barnett
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Francois Grand'Maison
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Maria Trojano
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Mark Slee
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Giorgio Giuliani
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Cameron Shaw
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Cavit Boz
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Daniele L.A. Spitaleri
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Freek Verheul
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Jodi Haartsen
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Danny Liew
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Helmut Butzkueven
From the Department of Medicine (V.G.J., T.K., H.B.), Melbourne Brain Centre (RMH), The University of Melbourne; Department of Neurology (V.G.J., V.L., T.K., H.B.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (G.I.), Seville, Spain; Liverpool Hospital (S.H.), New South Wales, Australia; Amiri Hospital (R.A.), Kuwait City, Kuwait; John Hunter Hospital (J.L.-S.), Newcastle, Australia; MS Center (A.L.), Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy; Hôpital Notre Dame (P.D., M.G.), Montreal, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute (M.B.), Sydney, Australia; Neuro Rive-Sud (F.G.), Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy; Flinders University and Medical Centre (M.S.), Adelaide, Australia; Ospedale di Macerata (G.G.), Italy; Geelong Hospital (C.S.), Australia; Karadeniz Technical University (C.B.), Trabzon, Turkey; AORN San Giuseppe Moscati (D.L.A.S.), Avellino, Italy; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis (F.V.), Gouda, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.H., H.B.), Eastern Health Victoria; Monash University (J.H., H.B.), Melbourne; and Melbourne EpiCentre (D.L.), The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
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Abstract in Arabic

Neurology® data supplements are not copyedited before publication. Published editorials and translations have been copyedited.
© 2014 American Academy of Neurology.

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Neurology: 96 (4)

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