PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kye Won Park
AU  - Eun-Jae Lee
AU  - Jun Seong Lee
AU  - Jinhoon Jeong
AU  - Nari Choi
AU  - Sungyang Jo
AU  - Mina Jung
AU  - Ja Yeon Do
AU  - Dong-Wha Kang
AU  - June-Goo Lee
AU  - Sun Ju Chung
TI  - Machine Learning–Based Automatic Rating for Cardinal Symptoms of Parkinson Disease
AID  - 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011654
DP  - 2021 Mar 30
TA  - Neurology
PG  - e1761--e1769
VI  - 96
IP  - 13
4099  - http://n.neurology.org/content/96/13/e1761.short
4100  - http://n.neurology.org/content/96/13/e1761.full
SO  - Neurology2021 Mar 30; 96
AB  - Objective We developed and investigated the feasibility of a machine learning–based automated rating for the 2 cardinal symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD): resting tremor and bradykinesia.Methods Using OpenPose, a deep learning–based human pose estimation program, we analyzed video clips for resting tremor and finger tapping of the bilateral upper limbs of 55 patients with PD (110 arms). Key motion parameters, including resting tremor amplitude and finger tapping speed, amplitude, and fatigue, were extracted to develop a machine learning–based automatic Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) rating using support vector machine (SVM) method. To evaluate the performance of this model, we calculated weighted κ and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the model and the gold standard rating by a movement disorder specialist who is trained and certified by the Movement Disorder Society for UPDRS rating. These values were compared to weighted κ and ICC between a nontrained human rater and the gold standard rating.Results For resting tremors, the SVM model showed a very good to excellent reliability range with the gold standard rating (κ 0.791; ICC 0.927), with both values higher than that of nontrained human rater (κ 0.662; ICC 0.861). For finger tapping, the SVM model showed a very good reliability range with the gold standard rating (κ 0.700 and ICC 0.793), which was comparable to that for nontrained human raters (κ 0.627; ICC 0.797).Conclusion Machine learning–based algorithms that automatically rate PD cardinal symptoms are feasible, with more accurate results than nontrained human ratings.Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that machine learning–based automated rating of resting tremor and bradykinesia in people with PD has very good reliability compared to a rating by a movement disorder specialist.CI=confidence interval; ICC=intraclass correlation coefficient; MDS=Movement Disorder Society; PD=Parkinson disease; SVM=support vector machine; UPDRS=Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale