RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The Neuropsychiatric Inventory
JF Neurology
JO Neurology
FD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SP 2308
OP 2308
DO 10.1212/WNL.44.12.2308
VO 44
IS 12
A1 Cummings, J. L.
A1 Mega, M.
A1 Gray, K.
A1 Rosenberg-Thompson, S.
A1 Carusi, D. A.
A1 Gornbein, J.
YR 1994
UL http://n.neurology.org/content/44/12/2308.abstract
AB We developed a new instrument, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), to assess 10 behavioral disturbances occurring in dementia patients: delusions, hallucinations, dysphoria, anxiety, agitation/aggression, euphoria, disinhibition, irritability/lability, apathy, and aberrant motor activity. The NPI uses a screening strategy to minimize administration time, examining and scoring only those behavioral domains with positive responses to screening questions. Both the frequency and the severity of each behavior are determined. Information for the NPI is obtained from a caregiver familiar with the patient's behavior. Studies reported here demonstrate the content and concurrent validity as well as between-rater, test-retest, and internal consistency reliability; the instrument is both valid and reliable. The NPI has the advantages of evaluating a wider range of psychopathology than existing instruments, soliciting information that may distinguish among different etiologies of dementia, differentiating between severity and frequency of behavioral changes, and minimizing administration time.